Socio-economic historical perspective on rural poverty in Africa

非洲农村贫困的社会经济历史视角

• 批准号: 12372005
• 负责人: SHIMADA Shuhei
• 金额: $ 21.2万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12372005/
• 关键词: African modern history; Poverty issue; Rural development; Structural Adjustment Program; Zambia; Tanzania; Ghana; Rwanda; 構造調整政策

Poverty has many dimensions, changing from place to place and across time. It has to be looked at not only through economic indicators, such as level of income and consumption, but also socio-historical settings. Poverty can't be defined simply, because social, cultural, political and economic condition vary in different places. Vulnerability to risks, powerlessness, and lack of capability of poor people has become to draw more attention in the study of poverty.In this study, eight members have studied on poverty of peasant farmers and cattle herders in Africa from socio-economic dimension in historical context in different study areas. Eight studies have done in five countries, Zambia, Tanzania, Ghana, Rwanda, and Kenya. The topic of the studies are; institutional problem of poverty eradication program (Tanzania); the impacts of market liberalization (Tanzania and Zambia); historical analysis on cocoa marketing system as deprivation institution (Ghana); the impact of globalization on traditional land tenure system (Zambia); land issue caused by returned refugees (Rwanda); increased vulnerability of farmers by HIV/AIDS (Zambia); 'rationality' of cattle herders under capitalization (Kenya). These studies show the importance to study multidimensional and region specific character of poverty in Africa.

贫穷有许多方面，因地而异，因时而异。不仅要通过经济指标，如收入和消费水平，而且要通过社会历史背景来看待这一问题。贫困不能简单地定义，因为不同地区的社会、文化、政治和经济条件不同。贫困人口对风险的脆弱性、无能为力和缺乏能力成为贫困研究中越来越受到关注的问题。本研究中，八名成员从历史背景下的社会经济维度，在不同的研究领域研究了非洲农民和牧民的贫困问题。在赞比亚、坦桑尼亚、加纳、卢旺达和肯尼亚五个国家进行了八项研究。研究的主题是：扶贫开发的制度问题（坦桑尼亚）;市场自由化的影响（坦桑尼亚和赞比亚）;对可可销售制度作为剥夺制度的历史分析（加纳）;全球化对传统土地所有权制度的影响（赞比亚）;返回的难民造成的土地问题（卢旺达）;艾滋病毒/艾滋病增加了农民的脆弱性（赞比亚）;资本化下牧民的“理性”（肯尼亚）。这些研究表明，必须研究非洲贫困的多层面和区域具体特点。

项目成果

武内進一: "「紛争ダイヤモンド」問題の力学-グローバル・インシュー化と議論の欠落"アフリカ研究. 58号. 41-58 (2001)

Shinichi Takeuchi：“‘冲突钻石’问题的动态 - 全球化和缺乏讨论”《非洲研究》第 58 期。41-58 (2001)。

武内進一: "「紛争ダイヤモンド」問題の力学-グローバル・イシュー化と議論の欠落"アフリカ研究. 58. 41-58 (2001)

Shinichi Takeuchi：“‘冲突钻石’问题的动态 - 全球问题和缺乏讨论”《非洲研究》58. 41-58 (2001)。

高根務: "ガーナ:「アフリカの輝ける星」の挫折"アジ研 ワールドトレンド. 53. 10-13 (2000)

Tsutomu Takane：“加纳：非洲闪亮之星的失败”《味研世界趋势》53. 10-13 (2000)。

上田元: "Migration and inter-village livelihood relationship around Mount Meru, Tanzania : an essay on social networks and the livelihood in the sedentary rural society"Science Reports of the Tohoku University, 7^<th> Series (Geography). 50-1. 1-33 (2000)

Hajime Ueda：“坦桑尼亚梅鲁山周围的移民和村庄间生计关系：一篇关于久坐农村社会的社交网络和生计的文章”东北大学科学报告，第 7 期（地理学）。 1. 1-33 (2000)

G, Ueda: "Migration and inter-village livelihood Relationship around Mount Meru, Tanzania:An essay on social networks and the livelihood in the sedentary rural society"Science Report of the Tohoku University, 7th Series (Geography). Vol. 50-1. 1-33 (2000)

G，上田：“坦桑尼亚梅鲁山周围的移民和村庄间生计关系：一篇关于久坐农村社会的社交网络和生计的文章”东北大学科学报告，第七辑（地理学）。