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Impacts of "excessive death" in the rural African society

“过度死亡”对非洲农村社会的影响

基本信息

批准号：
17611003
负责人：
SHIMADA Shuhei
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17611003/
关键词：
Excessive death Zambia HIV AIDS

项目摘要

Only in the first stage of prevalence of successive deaths of family, farming family can afford to absorb its impact in considerable extent. However, as in addition to the direct and immediate impact of deaths, there are indirect and prolonged effects, it soon become difficult for farming family to mitigate the impacts.Successive deaths of family members have influenced upon not only agricultural production but also daily life general. They arrange of farming labors and equipments to re-adjust for the new situation will become difficult. And foster children, to pay off debts, and to settle succession also become difficult.In this study, I have tried to analyze the impacts of successive death which have happened in rural society in Zambia.The mutual help system that was devised to compensate for a lack of cattle, equipment, and labor, for example was rendered dysfunctional by the prolonged effects. The mutual help system such as large farming group has become unable to absorb the burdens created by the frequent deaths. Instead, the system functioned as a catalyst that transmitted vulnerability among members of the group.This study also made clear that the well functioned institutions in normal condition have increase vulnerability in case of abnormal situation instead of preventing it. This means that factors operate to enhance vulnerability one time may act to reduce vulnerability in other time. The orbital process of increased vulnerability is complicated.

只有在家庭连续死亡流行的第一阶段，农业家庭才能在相当程度上承受其影响。然而，由于死亡除了直接和直接的影响外，还有间接和长期的影响，农业家庭很快就难以减轻影响，家庭成员的连续死亡不仅影响了农业生产，而且影响了日常生活。他们要重新安排农业劳动力和设备以适应新的形势将变得困难。在本研究中，笔者分析了连续死亡对赞比亚农村社会的影响。例如，为了弥补牛、设备和劳动力的缺乏而设计的互助制度，由于长期的影响而无法发挥作用。大型农业集团等互助系统已无法承受频繁死亡造成的负担。相反，制度起着催化剂的作用，在群体成员之间传递脆弱性。本研究还表明，在正常情况下，运作良好的制度在异常情况下会增加脆弱性，而不是防止它。这意味着，因素的运作，以提高脆弱性的一个时间可能会采取行动，以减少脆弱性在其他时间。脆弱性增加的轨道过程是复杂的。