STUDY ON THE RELATION BETWEEN ETHOS AND HISTORICAL CHANGE OF SOCIETY

我们研究项目的目的是澄清社会变革和社会风气之间的关系。为了达到这一目的，我们将历史方法与跨学科研究相结合。这种方法的必然结果是，如果分开来看，我们对这种关系有了不同的理解。但我认为我们都有一个基本的认识，我们可以总结如下：从逻辑上讲，一种新的思潮，它将成为下一个时代的主导思潮，自然而然地出现；另一方面，在建立这种地位的过程中，它需要人类积极选择的帮助。换句话说，当我们谈论某种精神时，我们主要假设三件事；(1)某事物似乎是自然产生的，但实际上并非如此；(2)它在特定的环境中出现，然后可能在未来消失；(3)它的存在取决于社会的一种默认选择。而在实践上，社会风气的变化也随着社会的变迁而呈现出不同的变化；另一方面，我们通常可以在人类对正义概念的理解中找到它的具体表现。

The aim of our research project was to clarify the relationship between social change and ethos. In order to attain it, we mixed the historical approach with inter-disciplinary study. As a necessary result of this method, if taken separately, we came to have different understandings of the relationship. But I think that all of us shared a basic understanding and we can summarize it as follows:Logically, a new ethos, which becomes a dominant one of next age, appears as it were naturally ; on the other hand, in the course of establishing such a position it needs helps of active choice of human beings. In another words, when we talk about ethos of something, we assume mainly three things; (1)that the something seems to arise naturally, but it is not indeed so: (2)that it occurs in the particular context and then it may disappear in the future: (3)and that the existence of it depends on a tacit choice of society. And practically, the changing of ethos appears very differently in accordance with social changes ; on the other hand, usually we can find its crystallized expression in the human understanding of the concept, justice.