A Study on Therapist-Client Relationships in Therapy Session : from a Viewpoint of Therapeutic Discourse Analysis

本研究的目的是分析心理治疗师和来访者在心理治疗过程中的言语和非言语行为，并阐明心理治疗的性质。受试者包括一名经验丰富的治疗师，一名经验不足的治疗师，和一名无经验的女性，谁正在考虑被培训为治疗师。第二，三个30分钟的实验会话，涉及三名治疗师和三名女大学生作为客户。访谈都是录像和录音，然后转录。治疗师应该鼓励他/她的客户在治疗过程中说话。虽然在本实验中发现，三个治疗师分配他们的客户轮，让他们保持他们的轮显示支持行为，客户话语管理的差异也被发现之间的三个治疗师。这位经验丰富的治疗师一直等到她的客户开始说话，然后通过幕后行为和点头帮助她继续他们的谈话。另一方面，没有经验的治疗师会等待客户开始说话，然后通过提问来引导客户说话。最后，在没有经验的“治疗师”的情况下，她的语言行为与日常对话中的语言行为相似，她可以被描述为主导发言者。当来访者被分配轮数时，“治疗师”在分配轮数时占据主动，无经验和无经验的治疗师的这种态度可能是由于他们对咨询的刻板思维造成的。建议他们将咨询视为咨询，为来访者提供帮助解决问题的线索。

The aim of this study is to analyze verbal and nonverbal acts between a therapist and a client in a psychothe rapy session, and to clarify the properties of psychotherapy. Subjects consisted of one experienced therapist, one inexperienced therapist, and one non-experienced female, who is considering being trained as a therapist. Secondly, three thirty-minute experimental sessions were held involving the three therapists and three female college students as clients. The interviews were both video and audio taped, and then transcribed.A therapist should encourage his/her client to talk in a therapy session. While it was found in this experiment that the three therapists allocate their client turns and let them maintain their turns by showing supportive behavior, differences in client discourse management was also found between the three therapists. The experienced therapist waited until her client started to talk, and then helped her proceed with their talking by back-channel behavior and nodding. On the other hand, the inexperienced therapist waited somewhat for her client to begin talking, but she then attempted to elicit her client's utterances by questioning her. Finally in the case of the non-experienced "therapist", her linguistic behavior is similar to that in everyday conversation, and she can be described as being the dominant speaker. While the client was allocated turns, the "therapist" held th e initiative in allocating those turns.Such attitudes of the inexperienced and the non-experienced therapists could be attributed to their stereotypi cal thinking about counseling. It is suggested that they regard counseling as consultation, which provides the clients with clues to help solve their problems.