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The fixation of mathematical education in the feudal clan schools under influences of the Confucianism

儒家思想影响下封建宗族学校数学教育的固定

基本信息

批准号：
12610301
负责人：
SATO Tamaki
金额：
$ 0.64万
依托单位：
Tokiwa University (2001)Okayama College (2000)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12610301/
关键词：
Japanese History of Education Edo era feudal clan schools Wasan mathematics education the samurai class liberal arts mathematics courses 洋算算術師範

项目摘要

Generally, the samurai who was the ruler in the Edo Period should not learn mathematics because mathematics was thought to be the learning of daily life for the people except the samurai. The Confucianism which despised practical use affected this thought.However, it was proved that about 20 % of all the feudal clan schools which were the educational faculties for the samurai in the Edo Period installed mathematical courses by the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate. They were classified in three types as follows;Type 1: Even the Tenzan method which was an advanced mathematics was made contents of education for the volunteers in the feudal clan. This type was general.Type 2 : It was forced to make fundamental mathematics learn for all the samurai in the feudal clan. There were several instances in this type.Type 3 : Mathematics education was imposed on the lower samurai engaged in the duties such as a tax levy and rice field area measurement, and even the Tenzan method was made contents of education. But this type was rare.Japanese mathematics in the Edo Period had two tides. One was "practical mathematics" which an abacus was used for, and the other was "scholarly mathematics". Mathematical education in the feudal clan schools was adopted when the samurai recognized mathematics as a worthwhile learning for the ruler. The contents were not practical mathematics which the people except the samurai used but were advanced and scholarly mathematics.

一般来说，在江户时代，作为统治者的武士不应该学习数学，因为数学被认为是除了武士之外的人的日常生活的学习。轻视实用的儒家思想影响了这一思想，但事实证明，在江户时代为武士提供教育的所有封建家族学校中，约有20%在德川幕府末期设置了数学课程。它们分为以下三种类型：第一种类型：即使是丹增法，这是一种高等数学，也是封建氏族志愿者的教育内容。第二种：强制让封建氏族的所有武士学习基础数学。第三种：数学教育被强加于从事税收和稻田面积测量等职责的低级武士，甚至将丹山方法作为教育内容。但这种类型的数学并不多见，日本江户时代的数学有两次浪潮。一个是“实用数学”，算盘是用来计算的，另一个是“学术数学”。当武士们认识到数学是统治者值得学习的东西时，封建氏族学校就采用了数学教育。内容不是实用的数学的人除了武士使用，但先进的和学术的数学。