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A syuthetic study on the Astronomical Diaries from Babylon

巴比伦天文日记的综合研究

基本信息

批准号：
12610378
负责人：
HARUTA Seiro
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
TOKAI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

First, the raw date depicted in the Astronomical Diaries from Babyon were picked up. The short term fluctuation of prices, for example, are great; to understand this is necessary to study the long term fluctuation of those.Second, I graphed the prices of barley, date, mustard, cress, sesame and wool in the Diaries to grasp easily the long term fluctuation. For data like these, too fragmentary and many hiatuses of years, the method below was taken; 1. The "median" value of data in a month represensts the value of the month, when two or more data exists in a month; 2. the median value in a year represents that of the year; and 3. the median value in a decade represents that of the decade. Moreover, the logarithmic scale is used for the y-axis; the method of presentation was seldom used so far in the studies of the Ancient Near Eastern Economy.Third, a preliminary case study on the relation between fluctuation of prices, weather and the level of the Euphrates, all depicted in the Diaries, was made; in the second half of the 1st century B.C., the period when the prices of commodities raised roughly corresponds the period when the flood revel of the Euphrates was lower, while rainfall seems to have been normal during the period.Last, a recent hypothesis on "the Last Wedge" presented by Gelller was analyzed critically; his assertion, that the Graeco-Babyloniaca texs were written in the 1st, and even 2nd or 3rd, centuris A.D., do not have grounds; a palaeographical study leads the conclusion that the greek scripts in these texts resembles those in the Avroman Parchments Nos.1 and 2, both written in the 1st century B.C.

首先，从Babyon的天文日记中提取了原始日期。例如，价格的短期波动是巨大的，要理解这一点，就必须研究价格的长期波动。第二，我把日记中的大麦、大枣、芥末、水芹、芝麻和羊毛的价格用图表表示，以便容易地掌握长期波动。对于这样的资料，过于零碎，年代间断较多，采取以下方法：1.当一个月内存在两个或两个以上数据时，一个月内数据的“中位数”值代表该月的值; 2.一年的中位数代表该年的中位数;及十年的中位数代表该十年的中位数。此外，y轴采用对数标度;迄今为止，在古代近东经济的研究中很少使用这种表示方法。第三，对《日记》中描述的价格波动、天气和幼发拉底河水位之间的关系进行了初步的案例研究;在公元前世纪后半叶，商品价格上涨的时期大致对应于幼发拉底河洪水狂欢较低的时期，而降雨似乎在此期间是正常的。最后，批判性地分析了Gelller最近提出的关于“最后的楔子”的假设，他的断言，即希腊-巴比伦文本是在公元1世纪，甚至2世纪或3世纪写成的，没有理由，古文字学研究得出的结论是，这些文本中的希腊文字与写于公元前世纪的阿夫罗曼羊皮卷第1和第2卷中的希腊文字相似。