American Populism and Free Labor Ideology

这个项目始终如一的目的是验证起源于19世纪初美国的自由劳工思想构成了19世纪末民粹主义运动的基调之一。为了进行验证，我们将重点放在农民运动和工人运动如何处理土地问题上，或者他们如何交叉所谓的土地改革运动，因为拥有土地意味着自由劳动思想的一个至关重要的关键概念。在第一步，我们探索了验证上述假设的分析方法，并将其结果发表在一篇文章《罗伯特·H·维贝转向民粹主义》和《罗伯特·H·维贝与民主》。在第二步，我们试图把握南北战争后美国的鸟瞰，并将其结果发表在第33章，以及60章中的34章，以了解美国历史。在我们的最后阶段，我们分析了从美国档案馆和图书馆收集的原始资料，并将其结果发表在一篇文章《民粹主义和土地改革：美国民粹主义的起源，第一部分》中。最后，我们成功地验证了我们在项目开始时提出的假设。也就是说，自由劳工思想在整个南北战争期间作为劳工运动的暗流持续存在，并飞入民粹主义者1892年奥马哈纲领的平台。

The consistent purpose of this project is to verify that free labor ideology, which had originated in early nineteenth century America comprised one of the keynotes of the Populist Movement in the late nineteenth century. To carry out the verification, we put focus on how farmers' movements and labor movements dealt with land problem, or how they intersected so called Land Reform movement as possessing land meant a vital key concept of free labor ideology.At our first step, we probed the analytical method to verify the above hypothesis and published its findings in an article, "Robert H. Wiebe's Turning to Populist" and "Robert H. Wiebe and Democracy."At our second step, we tried to grasp the eye-bird view of the post-bellum America and published its result in chapter33, and 34 of 60 Chapters for Understanding American History.At our final stage, we analyzed original sources collected at US archives and libraries and published its result in an article, "Populism and Land Reform: The Origins of American Populism, Part1."In conclusion, we successfully verified our hypothesis we had proposed at the beginning of our project. That is, free labor ideology persisted as an undercurrent of the labor movements through the Civil War and flew into the land plank of the Populist's Omaha Platform of 1892.