Establishment process of Chashi and Fortified Settlement Sites in Northeast Asia and their environmental change

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The aim of this study is to reinvestigate the origin of Chashi in the Ainu Culture Period and make clear the establishment process, and investigates concretely how Chashi can be placed in Northeast Asia by comparing the conditions of location of remains and remnant materials. Furthermore the author intended to make clear environmental changes after the Heian Transgression Period (two warm climate periods of 8th and 10th century) and the whole aspect of establishment process of Chashi, and how environmental change affected to the immigration of people.The outline of this study is as follows and it will be summarized in this report.1.Two Fortified Settlement Sites (southern Fortified Settlement Sites of Satsumon Culture and Haji ware Culture in Tohoku region) and northern earthworks and moat'ed settlements of Okhotsk Culture were present and in the formation background of these Settlement Sites there was climatic influence from Heian transgression period.2.From the existence of Fortified … More Settlement Sites and earthworks and moat'ed settlements, it became evident that Chashi of Ainu Culture was formed by separation of Settlements and forts.3.As a factor of dispersion of Chashi into regions of Hokkaido, Sakhalin and Kurile Islands, the fact that climatic change of a small warm period during 15th -16th century influenced, is pointed out.4.Chashi of Ainu Culture is closely related together with the development of Gorodishcha (mountain and flat castles) in the Eurasia Continent and Ostrogu of Kamchatka. Strong relationship was expected between the Continent and Sakhalin during 10th -15th century, and during 16th -18th century Chashi was closely linked to Kurile Islands including Kamchatka.5.In this study a database including these Chashi, Fortified Settlement Sites, moats and earthworks and moat'ed settlements is made out.In this study the author clarified the relation between the people who formed pre-historical cultures and paleoenvironment, but many unclear problems are left, and the author wish to continue the investigation and collect more data successively and understand unsolved problems. Less