The Reformation of the Judicial System and Its Constitutional Perspective

日本正在进行司法制度改革。其目的在于实现“法治”的理念。“然而，“法治”的真实的含义却很难被理解。法治是一个历史性的理想，对法治的呼吁仍然具有强大的历史意义。然而，法治的确切含义可能不如以前那么清楚。许多调用是完全conclusive和一些出现相互矛盾的一些追溯到现代理想亚里士多德，谁等同于概念的原因。这一观念在很长一段时间内产生了很大的影响。在日本也是。我把这一观点称为“实质性方法”。“这种观点实际上是一种结论性的观点，实际上只是引起争议的原因。与实质性的观点相反，本文支持形式主义的观点，即法治的含义应该是明确的，在其应用之前就可以知道，司法系统应该是实现形式正义的一种工具。因此，这个制度应该远离民主政治程序。民主理念与司法制度应该是相互独立的。从这一点来看，陪审团制度是毋庸置疑的。“司法制度改革委员会”倾向于“审判制度”而不是陪审制度。这个选择对我来说是非常可以理解的。

The Reformation of the judicial system is now proceeding in Japan. It's aim is to realize the idea of the "rule of law. " However, the real meaning of the "rule of law" is hardly understood. The rule of law is a historic ideal, and appeals to the rule of law remains rhetorically powerful. Yet the precise meaning of the rule of law is perhaps less clear than before. Many invocations are entirely conclusory and some appear mutually inconsistentSome have traced the modern ideal to Aristotle, who equated the concept with the reason. This conception has had the great influence for a long time. In Japan, too. I call this point of view "substantive approach." This view is really coclusory, in fact, only the cause of controversy.In contrast to the substantive approach, my thesis supports the formalistic, which grapes that the meaning of the rule of law should be clear, knowable in advance of its application.The judicial system should be an apparatus to realize the formal justice. So, the system should be remote from the democratic political process. The idea of democracy and judicial system should be independent each other. From this point of view, the jury system is without no doubt."Sihouseido Kaikaku Singikai" (the Committee for the reformation of the judicial system) preferred "Saibaninn system" to the jury system. This choice is very understandable to me.