The Reformation of the Judicial System and Its Constitutional Perspective

司法体制改革及其宪法视角

• 批准号: 12620023
• 负责人: SAKAMOTO Masanari
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12620023/
• 关键词: Rule of Law; jury system; Reformation of the judicial system; 陪審員; 裁判員制; 法科大学院; 市民社会; 個別法; 事前規制; ABA; 司法試験

The Reformation of the judicial system is now proceeding in Japan. It's aim is to realize the idea of the "rule of law. " However, the real meaning of the "rule of law" is hardly understood. The rule of law is a historic ideal, and appeals to the rule of law remains rhetorically powerful. Yet the precise meaning of the rule of law is perhaps less clear than before. Many invocations are entirely conclusory and some appear mutually inconsistentSome have traced the modern ideal to Aristotle, who equated the concept with the reason. This conception has had the great influence for a long time. In Japan, too. I call this point of view "substantive approach." This view is really coclusory, in fact, only the cause of controversy.In contrast to the substantive approach, my thesis supports the formalistic, which grapes that the meaning of the rule of law should be clear, knowable in advance of its application.The judicial system should be an apparatus to realize the formal justice. So, the system should be remote from the democratic political process. The idea of democracy and judicial system should be independent each other. From this point of view, the jury system is without no doubt."Sihouseido Kaikaku Singikai" (the Committee for the reformation of the judicial system) preferred "Saibaninn system" to the jury system. This choice is very understandable to me.

日本目前正在进行司法制度的改革。它的目的是实现“法治”的理念。然而，人们很难理解“法治”的真正含义。法治是一个历史性的理想，对法治的呼吁仍然具有说服力。然而，法治的确切含义可能不像以前那么清晰了。有些人把现代理想追溯到亚里士多德，亚里士多德把概念等同于理性。这一理念在很长一段时间内产生了巨大的影响。在日本也是如此。我把这种观点称为“实质性方法”。这种观点实际上是隐晦的，实际上只是引起争议的原因。与实质方法相比，我的论点支持形式主义，即法治的含义应该是明确的，在适用之前就应该是可知的。司法制度应该是实现形式正义的工具。因此，这一制度应该远离民主政治进程。民主理念和司法制度应该是相互独立的。从这个角度来看，陪审制度是毋庸置疑的。“西豪斯多凯卡库新吉凯”(司法体制改革委员会)倾向于“塞班宁制”而非陪审制度。这个选择对我来说是非常可以理解的。

项目成果

阪本昌成: "国家vs.市場"書斎の窓. 507号. 18-21 (2001)

坂本正成：“国家与市场”研究窗口，第 507 期。18-21 (2001)。

阪本昌成: "仕切られた競争vs.自由競争"書斎の窓. 508号. 18-21 (2001)

Masanari Sakamoto：“分区竞争与自由竞争”研究窗口第 508. 18-21 (2001)。

阪本昌成: "行政国家vs.司法国家"書斎の窓. 504号. 2-5 (2001)

坂本正成：“行政国家与司法国家”研究窗口第 504. 2-5 (2001)。

阪本昌成: "積極目的規制vs.経済的規制"書斎の窓. 509号. 14-17 (2001)

坂本正成：“积极目的监管与经济监管”研究之窗第 509. 14-17 号（2001 年）。

阪本昌成: "公共の福祉vs.人権"書斎の窓. 510号. 16-19 (2001)

坂本正成：“公共福利与人权”研究窗口第 510. 16-19 (2001)。