The Russian jury system in comparative analysis: fluctuation of evaluation and try and error in the early stage of institutionalization

从1993年开始在多个联邦领域引进，到2010年为止在全国范围内推广的俄罗斯陪审制度，目前陷入了困境。首先，由于制度的变化（恐怖主义行为或间谍等政治犯罪的豁免，以及由于引入上诉制度而将一系列犯罪的管辖权从州法院转移到地方法院而减少陪审团审查的犯罪）以及检察机关或一些律师为避免陪审团审判而采取的做法，适用陪审团制度的刑事案件数量正在大幅减少。第二，根据联邦最高法院的指导方针，限制由陪审团审判的事项范围的法院惯例在审判中普遍存在。这种逆风可以被解释为，至少部分地，它的成就表明它有潜力克服俄罗斯刑事司法的弊病，如倾向于起诉。

The jury system in Russia, introduced in several federal subjects in 1993 and spread nationwide up to 2010, is in a difficult situation right now. First, the number of criminal cases, to which the jury system is applied, is substantially decreasing because of the institutional changes (exemption of such political crimes as terrorist acts or spying, and reduction of crimes to be examined by jury as a result of transfer of jurisdiction of a series of crimes from oblast courts to district courts, caused by introduction of appellate system) as well as practice of prosecuting authorities or some attorneys at law to avoid jury trial. Second, court practice to limit the scope of matters to be judges by jury is prevailing in trial on the basis of the Federal Supreme Courts guideline. Such a head wind can be interpreted, at least partially, as a result of its achievement that it has shown its potential to overcome such malady of Russian criminal justice as inclination toward the prosecution.