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Executive-Legislature Relations in Democratization

民主化中的行政立法关系

基本信息

批准号：
12620077
负责人：
FUJIWARA Kiichi
金额：
$ 0.96万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study has focused on the changing relationships between the legislature and the executive in a number of Southeast Asian Nations. I have directed most of my attention to the interplay between international factors and the changes in domestic political institutions, most notably in two cases, the Philippines and Thailand, with references to Malaysia and IndonesiaThis is especially an interesting question when we study the Asian region, where media has put so much blames on external factors while so little attention has been paid by scholars. To angry Muslim in Jarakrta, the transition to the Megawati administration in Indonesia was but another example of American intervention into domestic affairs ; very few comparativists will make such connections, even if Washington may have had a hand in the choice of Megawati. What seems obvious to the unlearned mind is but another conspiracy theory to the professionals.My study has indicated suggestive agendas, as followsThe first and obvious … More point is mat external factors, either in form of overall structures or more specific actors, always weighted heavily in Filipino politics, while played only limited role in Thai history. The market, which had ignited political instability in the Philippines, was more of a political opportunity in Thailand.Such national differences outweigh differences in the phases of political change. We do not know whether external factors exert more influence in the transition to democracies rather than in regime changes of the reverse direction, from democracy to authoritarianism. It seems fair to say, however, that some regimes are more vulnerable to changes in external factors than others.The sudden fall of post-authoritarian rule in Thailand after the currency crisis seems to indicate that any assumed rigidity or elasticity toward external influence may be superficial. The case of Indonesia also affirms such speculation : the Suharto regisme, so independent from external pressures, collapsed like a wreath made of snow. Less

这项研究的重点是一些东南亚国家不断变化的立法和行政关系。我把大部分注意力放在国际因素与国内政治制度变化之间的相互作用上，最明显的是在菲律宾和泰国这两个案例中，提到了马来西亚和印度尼西亚。在我们研究亚洲地区时，这是一个特别有趣的问题，那里的媒体如此多地将外部因素归咎于外部因素，而学者们却很少关注。对于雅加达愤怒的穆斯林来说，印尼向梅加瓦蒂政府的过渡只是美国干预国内事务的又一个例子；很少有比较论者会将这种联系联系在一起，即使华盛顿可能参与了梅加瓦蒂的选择。对外行人来说似乎显而易见的是，对专业人士来说，这只是另一种阴谋论。我的研究已经指出了提示性议程，如下所示：第一个也是显而易见的…更重要的是，外部因素，无论是整体结构的形式，还是更具体的行为者，在菲律宾政治中总是占很大比重，而在泰国历史上只起到有限的作用。在菲律宾引发政治不稳定的市场，在泰国更多地是一个政治机会。在政治变革的各个阶段，这些国家之间的分歧超过了分歧。我们不知道，与从民主向威权主义相反的政权更迭相比，外部因素在向民主过渡方面发挥的影响是否更大。然而，公平地说，一些政权比其他政权更容易受到外部因素变化的影响。货币危机后，泰国后威权统治的突然垮台似乎表明，任何对外部影响的僵化或弹性假设可能都是肤浅的。印度尼西亚的情况也证实了这种猜测：苏哈托王朝独立于外部压力，像雪花花环一样崩溃了。较少