Re-examining links between screen time, health behaviors, and executive functioning: Validating an objective measure of screen exposure in a sample of young children

项目摘要 研究人员认为，屏幕暴露对幼儿发育的有害影响可能 取决于曝光量、编程类型和使用环境，但很少有研究 尝试使用自然主义的、观察性的和客观的方法来测量这些变量。 尽管现有的研究结果显示，屏幕暴露与VERS的结果之间大多是负相关的 在认知和社会情感领域，对于学龄儿童来说，研究结果好坏参半 孩子们。到目前为止，这方面的所有研究都是基于家长报告或时间使用日记，这些日记有很好的- 公认的局限性。还没有研究使用客观的方法来衡量不同观看平台的屏幕曝光量 (即电视、触摸屏、智能手机和电脑)。因此，文献中的混合发现可能 是由于测量问题造成的。需要更多的研究来系统地检查潜在的不利因素 儿童屏幕暴露与发育结局的关系 在这份提案中，我们将验证一种新的、客观的屏幕曝光测量方法，该方法将评估屏幕曝光的数量 和屏幕曝光质量，使用由我们的成员设计的小型可穿戴相机 调查组(R21 HD104164)。将自动分析图像的屏幕类型和数量 使用我们团队开发的人工智能算法进行屏幕曝光。此外，我们 将描述围绕儿童屏幕暴露的特定背景特征，例如(A)父母 在屏幕曝光期间的存在和参与以及(B)节目是连续的还是 正在改变。此外，这项研究将首次系统地调查儿童与儿童之间的关系 屏幕暴露，他们的睡眠卫生，以及他们的体力活动，使用每个客观测量 孩子的家庭环境中的这些变量。最后，我们将看看数量和 在同一样本的幼儿中，屏幕使用质量和执行功能的个体差异。 参与者(n=230名亲子双方)将从一项由以下项目资助的前瞻性纵向队列研究中抽取 NICHD(大脑和早期经验研究；R01 HD091148)；他们将在4.5岁时出现一次 执行功能评估。将为家庭提供测量屏幕曝光的设备， 体力活动，并在接下来的一周里睡在家里。这项拟议工作的结果将验证 使用我们的可穿戴相机作为儿童屏幕曝光的第一个客观衡量标准，将提供 为未来R01提案提供必要数据，以调查早期银幕暴露对 开发对儿童的执行功能和学习潜力很重要的神经网络。

Project Summary Researchers argue that the detrimental impact of screen exposure on young children’s development may depend on the amount of exposure, the type of programming, and the context of use, yet few studies have attempted to measure each of these variables using naturalistic, observational, and objective methods. Although extant findings reveal mostly negative associations between screen exposure and outcomes for very young children across cognitive and socio-emotional domains, the findings have been mixed for school-aged children. To date, all studies in this area are based on parent report or time-use diaries, which have well- recognized limitations. No study has used an objective measure of screen exposure across viewing platforms (i.e., TVs, touch screens, smart phones and computers) in children. Thus, mixed findings in the literature may be due to measurement issues. Additional research is needed to systematically examine potential adverse relations between children’s screen exposure and developmental outcomes. In this proposal, we will validate a novel and objective measure of screen exposure that will assess quantity and quality of screen exposure using a small wearable camera that has been designed by members of our investigative team (R21 HD104164). Images will be automatically analyzed for the type of screen and amount of screen exposure using artificial intelligence algorithms that have been developed by our team. Moreover, we will characterize specific contextual features surrounding children’s screen exposure such as (a) parental presence and involvement during screen exposure and (b) whether the programming is continuous or changing. In addition, this study will be the first to systematically investigate relationships between children’s screen exposure, their sleep hygiene, and their physical activity using objective measurements of each of these variables in the child’s home environment. Finally, we will look at associations between quantity and quality of screen use and individual differences in executive functioning in the same sample of young children. Participants (n = 230 parent–child dyads) will be drawn from a prospective longitudinal cohort study funded by NICHD (Brain and Early Experience Study; R01 HD091148); they will be seen one time at 4.5 years of age for an executive functioning assessment. Families will be provided with devices to measure screen exposure, physical activity, and sleep in their homes for the following week. Results from this proposed work will validate the use of our wearable camera as the first objective measure of screen exposure in children and will provide necessary data for a future R01 proposal to investigate the impact of early screen exposure on the development of neural networks that are important for executive functions and academic potential in children.