Diversity Supplement: The Role of Executive Functioning in the Health of Adolescents at-risk for Type 2 Diabetes

项目摘要 青少年发病的2型糖尿病(T2D)呈上升趋势，是严重内科疾病的主要原因 并发症、过早发病率和早期死亡率，特别是#年青春期女孩 颜色。治疗具有挑战性，使预防成为高度优先事项。然而，标准的生活方式 旨在预防T2D的干预措施显示效果不足。现有的干预措施可能存在 不足之处，至少在一定程度上是因为他们主要专注于直接改变健康行为 (例如，体力活动)，而不涉及更广泛的、在发展方面突出的核心的作用 推动健康行为改变的原则。识别新的可修饰靶点至关重要。 现有的理论和经验数据表明，这样的目标之一是执行功能(EF)，即 一套神经认知技能，是执行目标导向行为的关键。这种多样性的目标 补充应用：1)考察人内EF和压力作为其前置因素 每天和第二天体力活动的变化，以及2)表征时间动态 EF、压力和体力活动之间的关系。从完成这个项目中获得的知识将 帮助指导未来量身定做的T2D预防干预措施的发展和优化 利用神经认知过程和“及时”适应性干预的承诺 (即在适当的时间提供适当类型和数量的支持的量身定做的干预措施， 基于个人的实时内部状态)作为传统的补充或替代 生活方式越来越近。这份为期两年的多样性补助金也将支持职业发展 和研究计划的候选人，一个早期的多元化调查人员，通过提供 专门的培训和接触到杰出的导师，顶级研究的资源 机构，以及致力于推动培训和发展的团队 有前途的行为科学家。总而言之，研究和职业发展计划概述 这项提案将允许古铁雷斯-科林纳博士开发一系列方案研究和 提交未来NIDDK职业发展(K)奖所需的技能 将促进她向独立的过渡。

Project Summary Adolescent-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is on the rise and a leading cause of severe medical complications, premature morbidity, and early mortality, particularly among adolescent girls of color. Treatment is challenging, making prevention a high priority. Yet, standard lifestyle interventions aimed at preventing T2D show insufficient effectiveness. Extant interventions likely fall short, at least in part, because they primarily focus on directly modifying health behaviors (e.g., physical activity), without addressing the role of broader, developmentally-salient core principles that propel health behavior change. It is critical to identify novel modifiable targets. Extant theory and empirical data suggest that one such target is executive functioning (EF), a set of neurocognitive skills key for executing goal-directed behavior. The aims of this Diversity Supplement application are 1) to examine within-person EF and stress as antecedents of same day and next day changes in physical activity, and 2) to characterize temporal dynamics between EF, stress, and physical activity. Knowledge gained from completion of this project will help guide the development and optimization of future, tailored T2D preventive interventions that leverage neurocognitive processes and the promise of “just-in-time” adaptive interventions (i.e., tailored interventions that provide the right type and amount of support, at the right time, based on an individual’s real-time internal state) as a supplement or alternative to traditional lifestyle approaches. This 2-year Diversity Supplement will also support the career development and research program of the candidate, an early-stage diverse investigator, by providing specialized training and access to outstanding mentors, the resources of premier research institutions, and a committed team dedicated to advancing the training and development of promising behavioral scientists. Together, the research and career development plans outlined in this proposal will allow Dr. Gutierrez-Colina to develop a programmatic line of research and the skills necessary for the submission of a future NIDDK career development (K) award that will facilitate her transition to independence.