Research on the current condition of care labor under marketigation

这项研究进行了两年，2000-2001年。研究过程包括两个部分。第一部分主要是在项目实施的第一年对各类住宿护理（“家政”）服务提供者、培训机构、相关政府组织和工会进行访谈，并对社区护理和准市场理论进行文献综述。鉴于寄宿制养老服务在社会化过程中存在地域差异，我们将研究领域分为三种类型：大都市、近郊区域中心和农村区域中心。横滨市、散达市和裕田镇分别被选为这些类别的代表。分类的目的是阐明它们的地域特征和相互之间的对比。第二个是邮件。调查是在第二年进行的，目的是了解“家佣”（护工）的劳动和生活情况。雇用家庭佣工的工作制度各不相同，从长期雇用到临时、兼职和部分报酬的志愿工作。调查问卷的设计非常细致，不仅可以了解她们的工作和合同情况，还可以了解她们的日常生活、家庭关系和性别意识。此外，旨在了解护理服务作为一种个人服务性劳动的特点是什么。本研究项目选取横滨市福利服务协会作为调查对象，该协会属于都市型的关怀服务提供者。调查结果探讨了护理保险制度对护理服务提供的影响，特别是从事家务帮佣服务的工人。

The research was conducted for two years, 2000-2001. The research process consist of two parts. The first part concerns the interviews with residential care ("home-help") service providers of various kinds, training institutes, related governmental organizations and trade unions, which was conducted mainly in the first year of the project, as well as literature reviews focusing on community care and the quasi-market theory. Because residential care services were well expected to differentiate themselves by region in the process of socialization, we categorized the fields of our research into three types : metropolitan, suburban regional center and rural regional center. Yokohama City, Sanda City and Yuda Town were selected as a representative of these categories respectively.The categorization aims to clarify their regional characteristics and contrasts among them.The second one is the mail.survey which was conducted in the second year in order to grasp the labor and life of "home-helpers" (care-service workers). The work systems in which home-helpers are employed vary from permanent employment to temporary, part-time and volunteer with partial payment. The questionnaire of the survey was carefully designed so that the research could explore not only their conditions of works and contracts but also their daily life, family relations and gender consciousness. In addition, it aimed to understand what is the feature of care services as a personal service labor. In this research project, Yokohama City Welfare Service Society was selected as a survey target, which belongs to the metropolitan type of care service providers. The results of the survey explored the impacts of the care insurance system on care service provision, particularly workers engaged in home-help services.