Gravitational Lensing effects on various Cosmological Observations and the determination of Cosmological Parameters

提出了一种利用强引力透镜系统测量宇宙常数的新方法。将该方法应用于2001年5月Subaru望远镜观测到的HST 14176 +5226，观测结果强烈地表明了非零宇宙常数的存在。我们还证明了该方法对确定真空能量的时间变化也是有用的，我们首次将Minkowski泛函应用于宇宙剪切场，并证明了该方法比以往的方法更精确地确定了宇宙的平均密度。我们还详细研究了光在实际非均匀宇宙中的传播行为，获得了从宇宙学观测中确定宇宙模型的基本数据，并提出了利用宇宙微波背景的引力散射，利用哈勃空间望远镜的观测数据证实暗星系团存在的方法。我们研究了宇宙大尺度结构对宇宙微波背景辐射的透镜效应。特别指出，在今后的观测中，热点对两点关联函数的影响是可以测量的，而密度涨落的幅度信息是与密度参数无关的。

We have proposed a new method to measure the cosmological constant using strong gravitational lens systems. The method if applied for HST14176+5226 observed by Subaru telescope in May, 2001 and the observation strongly suggests the existence of non-zero cosmological constant. We hove also shown that the method is also useful to determine the time variability of the vacuum energy.We apply for the first time the Minkowski functional to the cosmic shear field and show that the method determines the mean density of the universe more accurately than previous methods. We have also investigated detailed behavior of light propagation in realistic inhomogeneous universe and obtained basic date which is used to determine the model of the universe from the cosmological observation.We have proposed a method to confirm the existence of the dark cluster which we have discovered using the date of Hubble space telescope using gravitational scattering of the cosmic microwave background. We have examined lensing effects by large scale structure of the universe on the cosmic microwave background. In particular we have pointed out that the effect on the two-point correlation function of hot spots will be measurable in the future observations and the information of the amplitude of the density fluctuation is obtained independently with the density parameter.