Evolution of the key stimuli (ultra-violet color) for the mate recognition in the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora

(1)对比研究了日本小白菜亚种（Pieris rapae crucivora）和英国小白菜亚种（Pieris rapae rapae）的雄性交配行为，以确定它们之间是否存在行为隔离。结果表明：(1)当两个亚种的雌性标本距离为15cm时，两个亚种的雄性对自己亚种的雌性的吸引频率显著增加。(2)当雌性标本距离2 m时，两个亚种的雄性也会被另一个亚种的雌性标本所吸引。(3)当两个亚种的雌雄在4×4×1.8m同一野外网笼内共存时，可发生亚种间交配。(4)两个亚种之间的行为隔离应该是相当局部的，尽管两个亚种的雄性都更喜欢自己亚种的雌性而不是其他亚种的雌性，当两个亚种的雌性标本彼此靠近15 cm时，另一个亚种的行为隔离更明显。(2)通过实验确定雌鸟翅膀颜色是否随季节形态而变化，并研究不同季节形态的雄鸟的交配行为，以确定它们的交配行为是否以及如何适应雌鸟的不同季节形态。结果表明：(1)雌鸟日本亚种的翅膀颜色在短日长的形态中呈现偏黄、弱紫外的特征；(2)长日型雄虫对长日型雌虫的偏好高于短日型雌虫，而短日型雄虫则相反。这表明雄性的配偶识别系统可能会随着雌性翅膀颜色的变化而变化。(3)对世界上一些地区的小白菜蝴蝶进行了DNA分析，确定了它们的树状图。结果表明：(1)欧洲小白菜蝴蝶与亚洲小白菜蝴蝶具有遗传上的区别，亚洲小白菜蝴蝶也可分为中国小白菜蝴蝶和韩日小白菜蝴蝶。(2)认为紫外光色可能是由亚洲卷心菜蝴蝶进化而来的。少

(1) Comparative studies of the male mating behaviors were carried out between two subspecies of the cabbage butterflies, Japanese subspecies (Pieris rapae crucivora) and British subspecies (Pieris rapae rapae) to determine whether there occurs behavioral isolation between them. The results showed :(1)Each males of the two subspecies were significantly more frequently attracted to the females of their own subspecies when the two subspecies of the female specimen were presented 15 cm apart.(2)Two subspecies of males, however, were also attracted to the female specimen of the other subspecies when the female specimen were presented 2 m apart.(3)There occurred inter-subspecies mating when males and females of the two subspecies were allowed to coexist in the same field net cage of 4×4×1.8m.(4)The results suggest that the behavioral isolation between the two subspecies should be rather partial, although each males of the two subspecies preferred the females of their own subspecies to those … More of the other one when the two subspecies of the female specimen were presented close to each other, 15 cm.(2) Experiments were carried out to determine whether the female wing color change depending on the seasonal forms and male mating behaviors of the different seasonal forms were investigated to determine whether and how they adjust their mating behaviors to the different seasonal forms of the females. The results showed :(1)The wing colors of the Japanese subspecies of female appear more yellowish and weaker ultraviolet-colored in the short day-length forms.(2) It was found that long day-length forms of males preferred long day-length forms of female to the short day-length forms of females, while the short day-length males did not so. This suggests that male's mate recognition system may change in accordance with the female wing color change.(3) DNA analysis was carried out to determine the dendrogram of the cabbage butterflies from some districts of the world. The results showed :(1)European cabbage butterflies can be genetically discriminated from those of Asian ones and the latter can be likewise subdivided into Chinese and Korean-Japanese groups.(2)It was suggested that ultra violet color might have evolved in an Asian cabbage butterflies. Less