Evolution of the key stimuli (ultra-violet color) for the mate recognition in the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae crucivora

(1)对菜粉蝶的两个亚种--日本亚种（Pieris raiscrucivora）和英国亚种（Pieris raiscrucivora）的雄性交配行为进行了比较研究，以确定它们之间是否存在行为隔离。结果表明：（1）当两个亚种的雌性标本相距15 cm时，两个亚种的雄性个体对各自亚种的雌性个体的吸引频率显著增加。（2）两个亚种的雄性也被另一亚种的雌性吸引，当雌性标本相距2 m时，雌性标本也被另一亚种的雄性吸引。（3）在4×4×1.8m的野外网箱中，两个亚种的雌雄个体共存时，发生了亚种间交配。（4）虽然两亚种的雄性个体都偏爱本亚种的雌性个体，但两亚种之间的行为隔离是相当部分的。 关于我们 当雌性标本的两个亚种彼此靠近时，另一个的长度为15 cm。(2)本研究通过对不同季节型的雌翅颜色变化和雄翅交配行为的研究，探讨了不同季节型的雌翅颜色变化和雄翅颜色变化对雄翅交配行为的影响。结果表明：（1）短日型的日本亚种雌蜂翅色偏黄，紫外线较弱; (2)结果表明，长日型的雄虫比短日型的雌虫更喜欢长日型的雌虫，而短日型的雄虫则不喜欢长日型的雌虫。这表明雄鸟的配偶识别系统可能会随着雌鸟翅膀颜色的变化而变化。(3)对世界部分地区的菜粉蝶进行了DNA分析，并绘制了系统发育树。结果表明：（1）欧洲菜粉蝶和亚洲菜粉蝶在遗传上是可以区分的，亚洲菜粉蝶也可以分为中国菜粉蝶和朝鲜-日本菜粉蝶两个类群。(2)It有人认为，紫外线颜色可能是在亚洲卷心菜蝴蝶进化而来的。少

(1) Comparative studies of the male mating behaviors were carried out between two subspecies of the cabbage butterflies, Japanese subspecies (Pieris rapae crucivora) and British subspecies (Pieris rapae rapae) to determine whether there occurs behavioral isolation between them. The results showed :(1)Each males of the two subspecies were significantly more frequently attracted to the females of their own subspecies when the two subspecies of the female specimen were presented 15 cm apart.(2)Two subspecies of males, however, were also attracted to the female specimen of the other subspecies when the female specimen were presented 2 m apart.(3)There occurred inter-subspecies mating when males and females of the two subspecies were allowed to coexist in the same field net cage of 4×4×1.8m.(4)The results suggest that the behavioral isolation between the two subspecies should be rather partial, although each males of the two subspecies preferred the females of their own subspecies to those … More of the other one when the two subspecies of the female specimen were presented close to each other, 15 cm.(2) Experiments were carried out to determine whether the female wing color change depending on the seasonal forms and male mating behaviors of the different seasonal forms were investigated to determine whether and how they adjust their mating behaviors to the different seasonal forms of the females. The results showed :(1)The wing colors of the Japanese subspecies of female appear more yellowish and weaker ultraviolet-colored in the short day-length forms.(2) It was found that long day-length forms of males preferred long day-length forms of female to the short day-length forms of females, while the short day-length males did not so. This suggests that male's mate recognition system may change in accordance with the female wing color change.(3) DNA analysis was carried out to determine the dendrogram of the cabbage butterflies from some districts of the world. The results showed :(1)European cabbage butterflies can be genetically discriminated from those of Asian ones and the latter can be likewise subdivided into Chinese and Korean-Japanese groups.(2)It was suggested that ultra violet color might have evolved in an Asian cabbage butterflies. Less