Formulation of ranfall interception and transpiration processes and evaluation of the alleviation functions of forest for flood and drought

截留径流和蒸腾过程的制定及森林旱涝缓解功能评价

• 批准号: 12650516
• 负责人: HASHINO Michio
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokushima
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12650516/
• 关键词: Forest; Evaporation of intercepted rainfall; Transpiration; Alleviation functions of forest for flood and drought; Flood runoff analysis; Long-term daily runoff analysis; Water management of watershed

Based on the rainfall inception model by the authors, the interception rate is given by the product of rainfall intensity and potential evaporation rate, and then the relation between the interception loss and gross rainfall with a constant intensity for a rainfall event results in : I = a ・ h_I ・ R + c, where I is the interception loss , R the rainfall in a rainfall event, h_I the potential evaporation rate, and a and c are the coefficient and constant Furthermore, considering the nonlinear property of the interception-rainfall relation, a statistical form was proposed.After the daily transpiration has been confirmed to be almost proportional to net radiation or potential evaporation by using many observation data not only in Japan but also over the world, the proportional coefficient of the relation between transpiration and potential evaporation is formulated as a function of vapor pressure deficit and runoff depth that is related to soil moisture.The model parameters of interception evaporation and transpiration could be identified using several year data of daily rainfall, runoff discharge, air temperature and relative humidity for several watersheds of the Naka River , Hiji River, Sarukawa and Tatsunokuchi.The alleviation functions of forest soil layers for flood and drought can be evaluated by means of using a rainfall-runoff model capable for separating overland flow component from observed discharge and using the interception evaporation rate estimated on a rainy day and the daily transpiration rate estimated on a non-rainy day, and these property of interception, transpiration and forest soil layers are very important for evaluating the alleviation functions for flood and drought.

基于作者提出的降雨起始模型，将降雨强度与潜在蒸发率的乘积作为降雨截留率，得到了降雨过程中降雨截留损失与降雨总量的关系式：I = a · h_I · R + c，其中I为截留损失，R为降雨过程中的降雨量，h_I为潜在蒸发率，a和c为系数和常数。考虑到截留-降雨关系的非线性，提出了一种统计形式，在利用日本和世界各地的大量观测资料证实日蒸腾量几乎与净辐射或潜在蒸发量成正比后，蒸散与潜在蒸发之间的比例系数被表示为水汽压亏缺和径流的函数利用纳卡川、日治川、日Sarukawa和Tatsunokuchi.森林土壤层对洪涝和干旱的缓解作用可以通过使用降雨量-径流模型能从实测流量中分离出地表径流分量，并利用降雨日的截留蒸发率和非降雨日的日蒸腾率估算径流量，而截留、蒸腾和森林土壤层的这些特性对评价森林的缓解水旱功能是非常重要的。

项目成果

M.Hashino, H.Yao, H.Yoshida: "Studies and evaluations on interception processes during rainfall based on a tank model"Journal of Hydrology. Vol.255. 1-11 (2002)

M.Hashino，H.Yao，H.Yoshida：“基于水箱模型的降雨截流过程研究与评估”水文学杂志。

M.Hashino, H.Tao, H.Yoshida: "Study and evaluation on interception processes during rainfall based on a tank model"Journal of Hydrology. Vol.255. 1-11 (2002)

M.Hashino、H.Tao、H.Yoshida：“基于水箱模型的降雨拦截过程研究与评估”水文学杂志。

H. Yao and M. Hashino: "A study of spatial distribution of annual water balance items"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Hydro-Science and Engineering. Vol.4, No. 94. 1-10 (2000)

H. Yao和M. Hashino：“年度水平衡项目的空间分布研究”第四届国际水文科学与工程会议论文集。

H.Yoshida, M.Hashino: "Measurement of tree transpiration using large weighing lysimeters"Journal of Hydroscience and hydraulic Engineering. Vol.19 No.1. 1-13 (2001)

H.Yoshida、M.Hashino：“使用大型称重蒸渗仪测量树木蒸腾作用”水文科学与水利工程学报。

H. Yoshida and M. Hashino: "Measurement of tree transpiration using large weighing lysimeters"Journal of Hydroscience and hydraulic Engineering. Vol.19, No. 1. 1-13 (2001)

H. Yoshida 和 M. Hashino：“使用大型称重蒸渗仪测量树木蒸腾作用”水文科学与水利工程学报。