Studies on inter-and intra-molecular copigmentation for breeding of bluer flower varieties

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Malvidin 3,5-diglucoside(Mv3G5G) as minor anthocyanin and Ellagic acid 5(or 5')-glucoside(EA5G) were isolated and identified from purple flowers of crape myrtle. EA5G formed copigment complexes with 3-glucosides of malvidin and delphinidin (Mv3G and Dp3G), which are major anthocyanins in this plant, and Mv3G5G respectively. The largest bluer effect of EA5G showed with Mv3G5G, and this component had larger effect with Mv3G than Dp3G.It was elucidated that flavone, flavonol content to anthocyanin(F/A) was a primary factor for flower color variations from purple to purplish-blue in cineraria or Lobelia. Kaempferol 3-rhamnoglucoside(Km3GR) from cineraria, apigenin and luteolin 7-rhamnoglucosides(Ap7GR and Lu7GR) from lobelia were isolated and identified. Km3GR caused bluer effect to cinerarin, main anthocyanin in cineraria, but Ap7GR did not induce bluer change of Lobelinin A, lobelia main anthocyanin, in this experiment.