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Ecological and Genetical Studies on Multi-herbicide Resistance of of Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing.

稗草多种除草剂抗性的生态和遗传研究。

基本信息

批准号：
12660044
负责人：
YAMASUE Yuji
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Similarities in morphological characters and AFLP fingerprints were studied between 15 multiple-herbicide resistant strains of Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing. derived from accessions collected in various rice fields of Sacramento Valley in California, with a reference to susceptible (S) strains. Morphological characters of the plant and spikelet were determined in a field experiment. All R strain plants were small and slender, being reflected by small size in plant height, flag leaf length and width and in culm diameter. Their spikelets were also smaller and slender. The mean coefficients of variation among R strains values were much small than those among S strains, indicating large similarities in plant and spikelet morphology among 15 R strains. Cluster analysis with the Ward's method exhibited that R strains clustered at early clustering stages and morphologically apart from S strains that largely varied. AFLP electropherograms of R strains also showed a large similarity between them. In the cluster dendrogram based on the UPGMA, R strains grouped differently form the group of eight S strains, but were clustered in six groups different in Nei and Li's coefficients, suggesting that R strains very resembles each other but a little differed between them in genetic constituents. It was concluded that R strains originated from a preexisting and preadapted variant E. phyllopogon in population in Sacramento Valley of California. During period of successive generations, descendents of the variant increasing variation in morphological and AFLP fingerprinting traits by rare outbreeding and segregation of heterozygous traits were dispersed by means such as birds and water channels, and exposed to the natural selection by herbicides for extended period, that led for R biotypes to become tangible by rice growers.

研究了15个多抗除草剂的稗草（Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing）品系的形态特征和AFLP指纹图谱的相似性。来源于在加州的萨克拉门托谷的不同稻田中收集的种质，参考敏感（S）菌株。在田间试验中对植株和小穗的形态特征进行了测定。所有R系植株均为小而细长，表现为株高、剑叶长、剑叶宽和茎粗较小。他们的小穗也更小和纤细。R株系间的平均变异系数远小于S株系间的平均变异系数，表明15个R株系在植株和小穗形态上具有较大的相似性。聚类分析与沃德的方法表明，R菌株聚类在早期的聚类阶段和形态除了S菌株，很大程度上不同。R菌株的AFLP电泳图谱也显示出很大的相似性。在UPGMA聚类树中，R菌株与S菌株聚在一起的8个类群不同，但在Nei系数和Li系数上聚在一起的有6个类群，说明R菌株之间的遗传组成非常相似，但在遗传组成上有一定的差异。结论是R株起源于一个预先存在和预先适应的变异株E。在加州的萨克拉门托山谷的种群中。在连续世代期间，通过罕见的远交和杂合性状的分离，变异体的后代在形态和AFLP指纹特征上的变异增加，通过鸟类和水道等手段分散，并暴露于除草剂的自然选择延长的时间，这导致R生物型成为水稻种植者的有形。