Empirical study of the funding and performance of academic research activities in Japan

本研究项目首先讨论了学术研究活动的结构和动态。在此基础上，我们针对无边界学术研究活动的结构性主要趋势进行问卷设计。这些趋势的特点是1。2.学术研究活动的全球化；2 .吞食国家创新体系；多学科合作方法。另一个重点是日本学术研究活动的一些基本统计数据与我国1998年设计问卷的研究结果的可比性。随机抽取日本各大学教授、副教授15518名样本，发放问卷包。在2002年3月的调查期间，共收回问卷2513份。通过对这些数据的分析，主要发现如下：1)科研经费集中；大约60%的研究经费分配给了排名前5%的研究人员。另一方面，近3年来研究经费的数额增加了约30%。。所有十分位数都有增加的趋势。2)以公共部门为中心的多方资助；随着私营部门研究经费的增加和许多支持学术研究活动的政府项目的建立以及KAKENHI（科学研究资助），日本在过去十年中实现了多基金体系。这些研究经费通常是一次性拨给同一个实验室，公共项目在这些事后联合资助中起着核心作用。3)维护成本高，缺少配套人员；在许多情况下，研究活动所必需的设备的维修费用是不适当的。许多教授都受到这种情况的困扰，而且还受到缺乏辅助人员的困扰。4)无边界的学术研究活动；一个研究小组的成员扩展到其他附属机构、学科、私营部门和研究活动已经成为全球性的。学术活动水平越高，研究活动越无边界。少

This study project first discuss structure and dynamics of academic research activity. Based on the discussion, we have focused on the structural major trends toward the borderless academic research activities to design questionnaire. These trends are featured by 1. globalisation of academic research activities, 2. devoured to national innovation system, 3. collaboration to multi-disciplinary approach. Another important point is the comparability on some basic statistics of Japanese academic research activity with our former research results carried out in 1998 to design questionnaire.15518 samples of university professors and associate professors from University in Japan are chosen randomly and the questionnair package was sent. During the survey period of the march 2002, 2513 questionnairs were returned.Main findings from the analysis of this data are as follows ;1) Concentration of reserch funds ; About 60% of all research funds are distributed to only top 5% reserchers. On the othe … More r hand, the amount of research funds has increased about 30% in recent 3-years. The increasing trend is common to all deciles.2) Public sector centered multi funding ; With the increae in the amount of research grant from private sector and with the foundation of many governmental programs supporting academic research activities in addition to KAKENHI (Grants-in-aid for scientific research), multi-funding system has fulfilled in the past decade in Japan. These research funds are often granted to the same laboratory at one time, and the public program plays a central role in these aposteriori joint funding.3) Maintenance cost and lack of supporting staff ; In many cases, cost of maintenance of equipments essencial for research activities is not appropriate. Many professors are suffered from this situation and also from the lack of supporting staff.4) Borderless academic research activities ; The members of a research group are extended over other affiliations, academic disciplines private sector and research activities have become global. The higher the academic activity level is, the more borderless one's research activity is. Less