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Enzymatic Conversion of Sweetpotato Starch Residue into New Food Materials

甘薯淀粉渣酶法转化为新食品原料

基本信息

批准号：
12839015
负责人：
SUGANUMA Toshihiko
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
Kagoshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The manufacture of starch from tropical rootcrops like sweetpotato (SP) and cassava (CA) produce considerable amounts of starch residue as by-product. This residue is rich in cell wall material (CWM) which makes it a potential source of dietary fiber. This study characterized the CWMs obtained from the starch residue of three rootcrops, SP, CA, and potato (PO) in terms of their sugar composition and attempted to convert them into soluble dietary fiber enzymatically.To characterize the CWMs from the rootcrops, their sugar compositions were analyzed first. For relatively insoluble samples, pretreatment with 12 M H_2SO_4 prior to hydrolysis with 1 M H_2SO_4 was required for complete hydrolysis. For monosaccharide analysis, HPAEC-PAD method with a CarboPac PA10 column, instead of a PA1 column resulted in reliable sugar composition of these samples. Using this method of analysis, the sugar composition of the CWMs and their polysaccharide fractions was determined. Among the polysaccharide fr … More actions, it was only in the hemicellulose fraction where significant differences in the sugar composition, especially in the galactose content were observed among the three rootcrops. This has been the first report on the sugar composition of CA CWM.To convert the CWMs into soluble dietary fiber, a bacteria producing a CWM-degrading enzyme was isolated from soil, Bacillus sp. M4, and the crude enzyme solution from its culture filtrate was used to solubilize the residues. Bacillus sp. M4 has been found to secrete polygalacturonic acid lyase and glycan depolymerase activities especially arabinanase, but cellulase activity was nearly absent. Sugar analysis of the solubilized product from the CWM of the three rootcrops revealed that it is mainly composed of galacturonic acid, and the neutral sugars found commonly in the pectin fraction, suggesting the presence of a protopectinase activity in M4 enzyme. The mode of action of the crude enzyme was determined by terminal sugar analysis using HPAEC-PAD after hydrolysis of the reduced products. Results revealed that M4 enzyme attacked the galactan as well as rhamnogalacturonan moieties of the protopectin, resulting in the release of a soluble dietary fiber of pectin fraction. Less

从甘薯（SP）和木薯（CA）等热带块根作物中生产淀粉会产生相当数量的淀粉残渣作为副产品。这种残渣富含细胞壁物质（CWM），是膳食纤维的潜在来源。本研究对三种根茎作物SP、CA和马铃薯（PO）淀粉渣中提取的CWMs进行了糖组成的表征，并试图将其酶解转化为可溶性膳食纤维。为了对块根作物的CWMs进行鉴定，首先对其糖组成进行了分析。对于相对难溶的样品，需要先用12 M H_2SO_4预处理，再用1 M H_2SO_4水解才能完全水解。对于单糖分析，HPAEC-PAD方法采用carboopac PA10柱代替PA1柱，得到了可靠的糖组成。利用这种分析方法，测定了水杨酸及其多糖组分的糖组成。在三种块根作物的多糖中，只有半纤维素部分的糖组成，特别是半乳糖含量存在显著差异。这是第一次报道了CA CWM的糖组成。为了将棉籽粕转化为可溶性膳食纤维，从土壤中分离出一种产生棉籽粕降解酶的细菌芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp. M4），并利用其培养滤液中的粗酶溶液将其残渣溶解。发现芽孢杆菌M4分泌聚半乳糖醛酸裂解酶和聚糖解聚合酶活性，尤其是阿拉伯糖酶，但几乎没有纤维素酶活性。三种根茎作物CWM溶解产物的糖分析表明，其主要由半乳糖醛酸和果胶部分常见的中性糖组成，表明M4酶中存在原果胶酶活性。还原产物水解后，用HPAEC-PAD进行终糖分析，确定了粗酶的作用方式。结果表明，M4酶攻击原果胶中的半乳聚糖和鼠李糖半乳聚糖部分，导致果胶部分的可溶性膳食纤维释放。少