Effect of fatty acids on injury and repair of intestinal mucosal barrier

1.脂肪酸对肠上皮细胞、Caco-2细胞产生趋化因子的影响丁酸（一种短链脂肪酸）可降低肠上皮细胞产生白细胞介素（IL）-8，ω-3脂肪酸如二十二碳六烯酸（DMA）和二十碳五烯酸（ERA）对IL-8的产生无影响。油酸（OA）和癸酸（CA）增加IL-8的产生。蛋白激酶C和磷脂酶A2参与了OA诱导IL-8产生的信号转导通路，但不参与CA诱导IL-8产生的信号转导通路.全肠灌洗液（WGLF）和粪便中蛋白质的测量WGLF或粪便均可用作研究炎症性肠病（IBD）患者的病理生理学和疾病活动的样本。在活动性IBD中，颗粒蛋白（乳铁蛋白、髓过氧化物酶、PMN弹性蛋白酶、溶菌酶）的浓度在上清液和沉淀中均增加。这些发现表明，虽然中性粒细胞迁移到管腔中的活动性IBD极大地增加，但迁移到管腔中的许多中性粒细胞并不释放颗粒蛋白。其中乳铁蛋白最适合作为肠道炎症的WGLF标志物.氧化剂对人结肠T84细胞阴离子分泌的影响和细胞作用氧化剂通过直接作用于钙激活的基底外侧K^+通道电导，降低其Ca^2+激活阈值，从而增强Ca^2+和cAMP刺激的Cl^-分泌。这种作用可能在放大和延长炎症肠粘膜的分泌反应和加重腹泻的严重程度中起重要作用。

1. Effect of fatty acids on chemokine production in intestinal epithelial cells, Caco-2 cellsButyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, decreased interleukin(IL)-8 production in intestinal epithelial cells, ω-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DMA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (ERA) showed no effect on IL-8 production. Oleic acid (OA) and capric acid (CA) increased IL-8 production. Protein kinase C and phospholipase A2 were involved in signal transduction pathways for OA-induced IL-8 production but not for CA-induced IL-8 production.2. Measurement of proteins in whole gut lavage fluid (WGLF) and fecesEither WGLF or feces can be used as a sample to investigate pathophysiology and disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In active IBD, the concentrations of granular proteins (lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, PMN-elastase, lysozyme) were increased both in the supernatant and pellet. These findings suggested that although the migration of neutrophils into the lumen is extremely increased in active IBD, a number of neutrophils that migrated into the lumen did not release granular proteins. And lactoferrin is the most suitable of these proteins for use as a neutrophilderived WGLF marker of intestinal inflammation.3. Effects and cellular actions of oxidants on anion secretion in human colonic T84 cells.Oxidants potentiate both Ca^<2+>- and CAMP-stimulated Cl^- secretion by a direct effect on calcium-activated basolateral K^+ channel conductance, lowering its Ca^<2+> activation threshold. This effect may play an important role in amplifying and prolonging the secretory response of inflamed intestinal mucosa and enhancing the severity of diarrhea.