Effect of fatty acids on injury and repair of intestinal mucosal barrier

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1. Effect of fatty acids on chemokine production in intestinal epithelial cells, Caco-2 cellsButyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, decreased interleukin(IL)-8 production in intestinal epithelial cells, ω-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DMA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (ERA) showed no effect on IL-8 production. Oleic acid (OA) and capric acid (CA) increased IL-8 production. Protein kinase C and phospholipase A2 were involved in signal transduction pathways for OA-induced IL-8 production but not for CA-induced IL-8 production.2. Measurement of proteins in whole gut lavage fluid (WGLF) and fecesEither WGLF or feces can be used as a sample to investigate pathophysiology and disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In active IBD, the concentrations of granular proteins (lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, PMN-elastase, lysozyme) were increased both in the supernatant and pellet. These findings suggested that although the migration of neutrophils into the lumen is extremely increased in active IBD, a number of neutrophils that migrated into the lumen did not release granular proteins. And lactoferrin is the most suitable of these proteins for use as a neutrophilderived WGLF marker of intestinal inflammation.3. Effects and cellular actions of oxidants on anion secretion in human colonic T84 cells.Oxidants potentiate both Ca^<2+>- and CAMP-stimulated Cl^- secretion by a direct effect on calcium-activated basolateral K^+ channel conductance, lowering its Ca^<2+> activation threshold. This effect may play an important role in amplifying and prolonging the secretory response of inflamed intestinal mucosa and enhancing the severity of diarrhea.