Development of a Novel and Reliable Model for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Vasospasm in Rats

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A novel rat SAH model was devised and reproducible induction CVS was observed. The temporal profile of delayed onset and prolonged duration, as well as its refractoriness to conventional pharmacological treatments are the hallmarks of cerebral arterial spasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Morphological changes of the artery was not evident in our model. Changes such as damages of the endothelium, subendothelial proliferation, necrosis of the smooth muscle have been described in clinical specimens and in the experimental models, but there is no unanimous agreement on their true significance. Focal neurologic deficits are not observed in our spasm model despite severe arterial constriction, presumably due to abundance in the collateral circulation. The stereotactic technique for induction of hemorrahge is very simple and suitable for conducting a large number of experiments such as in therapeutics trial with pharmacological agents. Although duration of the chronic spasm in the model is short, typically reaching maximum on the second day, the intensity of the spasm is severe and the phenomenon of the clot (hemoglobin)-artery (smooth muscle) interaction is reliably reproduced.