Prevalence of HPV infection in women from Okinawa: Is high-risk HPV infection a potential factor in carcinoma of the cervix?

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[Objective]: To analyze the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a large number of women with cytologically normal cervix and patients with dysplasia or carcinoma of the cervix from Okinawa.[Methods]: From 1994 to 1999, in a total of approximately 4800 subjects, the swabbed cells from the cervix were smeared on glass-slides for light microscopy, and cell suspensions were made for HPV DNA assay. HPV DNA assay by PCR was performed independent of histologic examination. L1 consensus primer was employed for HPV DNA detection. For the HPV DNA positive samples, the PCR for identification of HPV types was performed using the primers including HPV type 16 and 18.[Results]: 1) HPV DNA was positive in 10.6% (434/4078 cases) of cervical cytology-normal women and the detection rate of type 16/18 was only 3.0% (13/434 cases). 2) HPV DNA was positive in 64.2% (102/159 cases) of patients with cervical dysplasia and in 85.6% (415/485 cases) of those with cervical carcinoma. Type 16/18 was identified in 15.7% (16/102 cases) of the former group and in 31.3% (152/415 cases) of the latter. Thus, the positive rate of HPV DNA and of type 16/18 were.significantly higher in the dysplasia or carcinoma patients than in the cervix-normal women (p<0.001), and also significantly higher in the carcinoma patients than in the dysplasia (p<0.001).[Conclusion]: It was strongly suggested that HPV, especially high-risk type HPV is a potential factor in the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma through this crosssectional analysis.