The research of regeneration, differentiation and the role of fibroblast growth factor in the olfactory system

嗅觉受体细胞被广泛认为在变性后再生，并且也被认为在动物嗅觉上皮中在正常情况下显示更新。再生在轴突切断后约1个月进行。近年来研究发现，嗅球干细胞可通过吻侧迁移途径从室管膜下区迁移至嗅球室管膜下区。应用免疫组织化学双染法研究了豚鼠嗅球细胞分裂动力学。免疫组化染色：用抗溴脱氧尿苷（BrdU）抗体检测分裂细胞，用抗神经细胞粘附分子、抗蛋白基因产物抗体和抗钙结合蛋白抗体检测神经细胞，用抗S-100抗体检测神经胶质细胞。BrdU标记的细胞在1周内从嗅球室管膜下区通过喙部迁移途径迁移至嗅球室管膜下区。标记细胞从嗅球区向周围迁移，分化为神经细胞和神经胶质细胞。我们的结果支持了足够剂量的bFGF在嗅上皮神经发生中起重要作用的观点。bFGF对嗅细胞的作用还需进一步研究，但至少bFGF对嗅细胞的分裂活性有影响。

Olfactory receptor cells are widely thought to regenerate after degeneration and also thought to show turnover under normal circumstances in the animal olfactory epithelium. The regeneration is carried out about 1 month after axotomy. Recently it was reported that stem cell migrated from the subventricular zone to the subependymal zone of the olfactory bulb through rostal migratory pathway. We studied cell division dynamics the guinea pig olfactory bulb using immunohistochemical double staining. Anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) antibody for detecting dividing cells, anti-neural cell adhesion molecule, anti-protein gene product antibody and anti-calbindin antibody, for neural cells, and anti S-100 antibody for glial cells were used immunohistochemical staining.At 1 hour after BrdU injection, many BrdU-labeled cells were present in the subventricular zone. BrdU-labeled cells migrated from the subventricular zone to the subependymal zone of the olfactory bulb through rostal migratory pathway within about 1 week. Labeled cells then moved peripherally from the bulb zone differentiated neural cells and glial cells in some layers.Our results support the idea that an adequate dose of bFGF plays an important role in the neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium. Further study is needed to clarify the efficacy of bFGF in the applied olfactory cells, but at least bFGF was found to influence to the dividing activity in olfactory cells.