The research of regeneration, differentiation and the role of fibroblast growth factor in the olfactory system

人们普遍认为，嗅觉感受器细胞在退化后会再生，也被认为在正常情况下动物嗅觉上皮细胞会发生更替。轴突切断后约1个月进行再生。最近有报道称，干细胞通过Rostal迁移途径从室下区迁移到嗅球的室管膜下区。用免疫组织化学双重染色方法研究了豚鼠嗅球的细胞分裂动力学。免疫组织化学方法检测神经细胞的分裂细胞、抗神经细胞黏附分子、抗蛋白基因产物抗体和抗钙结合蛋白抗体，以及神经胶质细胞的抗S-100抗体。BrdU标记细胞在约1周内通过Rostal迁移通路从室下区迁移到嗅球室管膜下区。结果表明，适量的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在嗅觉上皮细胞的神经发生中起重要作用。碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在嗅觉细胞中的作用还有待进一步研究，但至少发现碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对嗅觉细胞的分裂活性有影响。

Olfactory receptor cells are widely thought to regenerate after degeneration and also thought to show turnover under normal circumstances in the animal olfactory epithelium. The regeneration is carried out about 1 month after axotomy. Recently it was reported that stem cell migrated from the subventricular zone to the subependymal zone of the olfactory bulb through rostal migratory pathway. We studied cell division dynamics the guinea pig olfactory bulb using immunohistochemical double staining. Anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) antibody for detecting dividing cells, anti-neural cell adhesion molecule, anti-protein gene product antibody and anti-calbindin antibody, for neural cells, and anti S-100 antibody for glial cells were used immunohistochemical staining.At 1 hour after BrdU injection, many BrdU-labeled cells were present in the subventricular zone. BrdU-labeled cells migrated from the subventricular zone to the subependymal zone of the olfactory bulb through rostal migratory pathway within about 1 week. Labeled cells then moved peripherally from the bulb zone differentiated neural cells and glial cells in some layers.Our results support the idea that an adequate dose of bFGF plays an important role in the neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium. Further study is needed to clarify the efficacy of bFGF in the applied olfactory cells, but at least bFGF was found to influence to the dividing activity in olfactory cells.