The research of regeneration, differentiation and the role of fibroblast growth factor in the olfactory system

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Olfactory receptor cells are widely thought to regenerate after degeneration and also thought to show turnover under normal circumstances in the animal olfactory epithelium. The regeneration is carried out about 1 month after axotomy. Recently it was reported that stem cell migrated from the subventricular zone to the subependymal zone of the olfactory bulb through rostal migratory pathway. We studied cell division dynamics the guinea pig olfactory bulb using immunohistochemical double staining. Anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) antibody for detecting dividing cells, anti-neural cell adhesion molecule, anti-protein gene product antibody and anti-calbindin antibody, for neural cells, and anti S-100 antibody for glial cells were used immunohistochemical staining.At 1 hour after BrdU injection, many BrdU-labeled cells were present in the subventricular zone. BrdU-labeled cells migrated from the subventricular zone to the subependymal zone of the olfactory bulb through rostal migratory pathway within about 1 week. Labeled cells then moved peripherally from the bulb zone differentiated neural cells and glial cells in some layers.Our results support the idea that an adequate dose of bFGF plays an important role in the neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium. Further study is needed to clarify the efficacy of bFGF in the applied olfactory cells, but at least bFGF was found to influence to the dividing activity in olfactory cells.