Municipal Mergers and Open Horizontal Networking Within Enlarged Cities ---A Perspective on Urban Restructuring for the 21st Century---

本研究提出了一个更广泛的视角对21世纪世纪城市结构调整的范式转变。在过去的世纪，许多城市，美国城市是第一个在名单上，追求欲望，以满足人们的欲望，享受物质富裕。城市发展几乎在所有地方都是一样的：国家和地方政府主动提供定型的社会基础设施，过于强调硬件，在21世纪，这种定型的城市发展不再适用于有效地调整城市活动。在资讯全球化的时代，无论是公营或私营机构，都必须以全新的眼光看待市区重建和活化，而要获得国际认同，城市、乡镇和乡村可能会被合并所驱使。 关于我们 通过开发丰富的人力资源，提高企业的经济效益，增强企业的财力基础，提高企业的管理能力和谈判能力。作者创造了“大都市化”一词，以表示为形成一个扩大的城市而进行市政合并的趋势。在这样一个扩大的城市中，以其中一个为最高点的地方核心的垂直等级排序不再有效。与扩大的城市通常的情况一样，城市中有几个地方核心而不是一个。每一个内核都有其独特的功能，相当独立和自治，而不是按等级排列。笔者将这种现象称为“本托什卡”，即在一个扩大的城市中出现和共存的具有相当自主性的地方核心。为了在以信息为导向的全球社会中生存和繁荣，一个扩大的城市不仅需要摆脱城市发展和复兴的等级观念，从中央政府向地方市政当局下放权力，只有通过合并和横向紧密地将地方核心联系起来，使城市变得更大，才能实现。少

This study proposes a paradigm change in a broader perspective on urban restructuring for the 21st century. Mergers of municipalities in larger scale than ever before and closer horizontal networking of local cores are the keys.During the last century many cities, American cities being the first on the list, pursued desires to satisfy people's appetite and to enjoy material affluence. Urban developments tended to be almost alike everywhere : national and local governments took the initiative in supplying stereotypical social infrastructures attaching too much emphasis on hardware.In the 21st century such stereotypical urban developments are no longer valid for effectively restructuring urban activities. In the age of information-oriented globalization, it is necessary for both public and private sectors to see urban redevelopment and revitalization in a completely new perspective.To be recognized internationally, cities, towns and villages are likely to be driven to mergers by necessit … More y of accelerating their economic efficiency, strengthening their financial bases as well as improving their managerial and negotiative abilities by developing rich human resources. Author coin the term 'daitoshika' or metropolitanization to signify that tendency of municipal mergers for forming an enlarged city.Within such an enlarged city, a vertical, hierarchical ranking of local cores with one of them on its top does not work well any longer. As is often the case with enlarged cities, there are not one but several local cores in the city. Each of those inner cores keeps its unique function, rather independent and autonomous, not to be ranked hierarchically to the rest. Author name that phenomenon 'buntoshika' or emergence and co-existence of rather autonomous local cores within an enlarged city.In order to survive and prosper in information-oriented global community, it is necessary for an enlarged city not only to free itself from the idea of hierarchical urban development and revitalization but also to restructure relationship among its local cores by making open, horizontal networks among them as well as by outward networking.Decentralization of power from a national government to local municipalities can only be materialized by making larger cities by mergers and horizontally and closely networking their local cores. Less