Development of Aqueous Ultrasonic Cleaning System of Clothing for Eliminating the Use of Non-Aqueous Solvents

为了开发一种去除衣物上复杂污垢、不使用非水溶剂的水基超声波清洗系统，设计了一种用于评价超声波对织物污垢去除效果的水基超声波清洗装置。利用自行研制的、频率为28 kHz、功率为300W的水基超声波清洗装置，分析了声场参数对清洗效果的影响，确定了该装置的最佳超声波清洗条件。通过对水中溶解气体的脱气，随着声压的升高，颗粒土的洗涤效率提高，洗涤效率与溶氧浓度的对数呈负斜率的线性关系。颗粒土的冲刷效率随着声压的增大而增大，且声压与冲刷效率呈正斜率的直线关系。声波除污力的大小取决于土壤类型和纤维种类，棉织物(Wfk10D)和涤纶(Wfk30D)的去污力分别约为60mN/cm~2和100mN/cm~2。如果选择声场条件，几个μm以上的颗粒土几乎只用水去除。以上结果表明，如果有效利用水中的超声波能量，在不对柔性纤维施加载荷的情况下，水中超声波清洗的效果可以达到或超过洗衣试验的结果。

The aqueous ultrasonic cleaning apparatus for evaluating the effectiveness of ultrasound in the soil removal from fabric have been devised in order to develop an aqueous ultrasonic cleaning system that removes complex soil from clothing and eliminates the use of non-aqueous solvents.The influence of the parameters of the sound field on the detergency was analyzed for the results of aqueous ultrasonic cleaning of soiled test cloth by using the experimentally produced apparatus with frequency of 28kHz and power level of 300 watts, and optimum ultrasonic cleaning condition of this equipment was established. A following fundamental knowledge was obtained.By degassing the dissolved gas in water, the washing efficiency of the particle soils increased, since sound pressure rises, and the linear relationship with negative slope was found between washing efficiency and logarithm of the dissolved oxygen concentration. The washing efficiency of the particle soils increased with increasing of sound pressure and the straight line with positive slope was also obtained between sound pressure and washing efficiency. A force which the soil removal begins by the acoustic wave has depended on type of soil and kind of fiber, and it was about 60mN/cm^2 and 100mN/cm^2, for cotton fabric (wfk10D) and polyester (wfk30D), respectively. The particle soil over several μm was almost removed only with water, if the condition of the sound field was chosen.The above result showed that high effectiveness of aqueous ultrasonic cleaning as well or better than laundry test result of using the detergent could be expected without giving the load to the flexible fiber, if the ultrasonic energy in water is effectively used.