Development of Aqueous Ultrasonic Cleaning System of Clothing for Eliminating the Use of Non-Aqueous Solvents

已经设计了用于评估超声波在从织物去除污垢中的有效性的水性超声波清洗设备，以开发一种水性超声波清洗系统，该系统从衣物去除复合污垢并消除非超声波清洗剂的使用。通过实验，分析了超声波水溶液清洗染污试验布时，声场参数对清洗效果的影响。研制了频率为28 kHz、功率为300 W的超声波清洗装置，确定了该装置的最佳清洗条件。通过对水中溶解气体的脱气，可以提高颗粒土的洗涤效率，因为声压增大，且洗涤效率与溶解氧浓度的对数呈负斜率的线性关系。颗粒土的洗涤效率随声压的增大而增大，且声压与洗涤效率之间存在正斜率的直线关系。由声波开始的污垢去除的力取决于污垢的类型和纤维的种类，并且对于棉织物（wfk 10 D）和聚酯（wfk 30 D），该力分别为约60 mN/cm ^2和100 mN/cm ^2。上述结果表明，如果有效地利用水中的超声波能量，则可以预期与使用洗涤剂的洗衣试验结果一样或更好的水超声波清洁的高效率，而不会给柔性纤维带来负荷。

The aqueous ultrasonic cleaning apparatus for evaluating the effectiveness of ultrasound in the soil removal from fabric have been devised in order to develop an aqueous ultrasonic cleaning system that removes complex soil from clothing and eliminates the use of non-aqueous solvents.The influence of the parameters of the sound field on the detergency was analyzed for the results of aqueous ultrasonic cleaning of soiled test cloth by using the experimentally produced apparatus with frequency of 28kHz and power level of 300 watts, and optimum ultrasonic cleaning condition of this equipment was established. A following fundamental knowledge was obtained.By degassing the dissolved gas in water, the washing efficiency of the particle soils increased, since sound pressure rises, and the linear relationship with negative slope was found between washing efficiency and logarithm of the dissolved oxygen concentration. The washing efficiency of the particle soils increased with increasing of sound pressure and the straight line with positive slope was also obtained between sound pressure and washing efficiency. A force which the soil removal begins by the acoustic wave has depended on type of soil and kind of fiber, and it was about 60mN/cm^2 and 100mN/cm^2, for cotton fabric (wfk10D) and polyester (wfk30D), respectively. The particle soil over several μm was almost removed only with water, if the condition of the sound field was chosen.The above result showed that high effectiveness of aqueous ultrasonic cleaning as well or better than laundry test result of using the detergent could be expected without giving the load to the flexible fiber, if the ultrasonic energy in water is effectively used.