Energy coupling between atmosphere and inosphere via electrical descharge

大气层和非大气层之间通过放电进行能量耦合

• 批准号: 13304037
• 负责人: FUKUNISHI Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 30.78万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13304037/
• 关键词: sprite; elves; lightning; thundercloud; ELF; VLF; Solar activity; Schumann resonance; 超高層大気; 中層大気; 電荷モーメント; ピーク電流; シミュレーション; 大気発光; 冬季; 日本; スプライトヘイロー; 電子エネルギー; 冬季雷; 高速撮像; フォトメータ

In order to investigate the generation mechanisms of luminous events in the middle and upper atmosphere induced by lightning discharge and their relationship to the parental thunderstorm activity, some observation campaigns and continuous measurements have been carried out using a multipoint observation system composed of several optical instruments and VLF-ELF radio wave sensors. Detail analysis and computer simulations based on the observation data clarified following issues : (1) Thunderclouds producing sprites around Japan in wintertime are classified into 4 types and the apparent feature of sprites depends on the geographic location. (2) Cloud to ground discharge generating winter sprites in Japan occurs in the most active convective region of the thundercloud. (3) Considering the appearance of intermittent radio wave in VLF range just after sprite optical emissions, it is suggested that hybrid type discharge consisting of cloud-to-ground and intra-cloud discharges is relating to sprite generation. (4) Number of columns in a sprite event well correlates to the peak current of the parent lightning while the vertical length of column shows good correlation with charge moment of the cloud to ground lightning. (5) The average upper and bottom heights and the horizontal extent of sprite halo are 88 km, 73 km and 86 km, respectively. The estimated electron energy is 6 ?23 eV. (6) The average number of sprite evens for a day is estimated to be 720 based on the ELF measurements. (7) The lightning energy shows variation with a time period of 27.9 days, which may be caused by solar activity. (8) Sprites and sprite halo could be major sources of O(D) in the nighttime mesosphere.

为了研究闪电放电引起的中高层大气发光事件的产生机制及其与母雷暴活动的关系，利用由多台光学仪器和VLF-ELF无线电波传感器组成的多点观测系统进行了一些观测活动和连续测量。基于观测数据的详细分析和计算机模拟澄清了以下问题：（1）冬季日本周围产生精灵的雷云分为4种类型，精灵的明显特征取决于地理位置。 (2) 日本冬季精灵的云对地放电发生在雷云对流最活跃的区域。 (3)考虑到子画面光发射后VLF范围内间歇性无线电波的出现，表明由云地放电和云内放电组成的混合型放电与子画面的产生有关。 (4) 子画面事件中的柱数与母闪电的峰值电流具有良好的相关性，而柱的垂直长度与云对地闪电的充电矩具有良好的相关性。 (5) 精灵晕的平均上下高度和水平范围分别为88 km、73 km和86 km。估计电子能量为 6 ×23 eV。 (6) 根据 ELF 测量，一天的平均精灵事件数估计为 720。 (7) 闪电能量呈现出以27.9天为周期的变化，这可能是由太阳活动引起的。 (8) 精灵和精灵晕可能是夜间中间层 O(D) 的主要来源。

项目成果

Takahashi, Y. et al.: "Activities of sprites and elves in the winter season, Japan"J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys.. (In press). (2003)

Takahashi, Y. 等人：“日本冬季精灵和精灵的活动”J.

Miyasato, R., H.Fukunishi, Y.Takahashi, M.J.Taylor: "Energy estimation of electrons producing sprite halos using array photometer data"J. Atmos. Solar. Terr. Phys.. (In press). (2003)

Miyasato, R.、H.Fukunishi、Y.Takahashi、M.J.Taylor：“使用阵列光度计数据对产生精灵光晕的电子进行能量估计”J。

Adachi, T., H.Fukunishi, Y.Takahashi, M.Sato: "Roles of the EMP and QE field in the generation of columniform sprites"Geophys.Res.Lett. 31. L04107,doi:101029/2003 GL19081

Adachi, T.、H.Fukunishi、Y.Takahashi、M.Sato：“EMP 和 QE 场在柱状精灵生成中的作用”Geophys.Res.Lett。

Su, H.T., R.R.Hsu, A.B.Chen, Y.C.Wang, W.S.Hsiao, W.C.Lai, L.C.Lee, M.Sato, H.Fukunishi: "Gigantic jets between a thundercloud and the ionosphere"Nature. 423. 974-976 (2003)

Su，H.T.，R.R.Hsu，A.B.Chen，Y.C.Wang，W.S.Hsiao，W.C.Lai，L.C.Lee，M.Sato，H.Fukunishi：“雷云和电离层之间的巨大喷流”自然。

Miyasato, R., H.Fukunishi, Y Takahashi, M.J.Taylor: "Energy estimation of electrons producing sprite halos using array photometer data"J.Atmos.Sol-Terr.Phys. 65. 578-581 (2003)

Miyasato, R.、H.Fukunishi、Y Takahashi、M.J.Taylor：“使用阵列光度计数据对产生精灵光晕的电子进行能量估计”J.Atmos.Sol-Terr.Phys。