Micrometeomlogical and biological analysis on carbon, water and heat fluxes over various types of ecosystems

对各类生态系统的碳、水和热通量进行微气象和生物分析

• 批准号: 13308027
• 负责人: OIKAWA Takehisa
• 金额: $ 33.7万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13308027/
• 关键词: Flux measurements; Eddy covariance method; Terrestrial ecosystem; Carbon cycle; Matter cycle characteristics; Ecosystem model (Sim-CYCLE); Biosphere-Atmosphere Interaction Model (BAIM); COP3; 大気輸送陸面モデル; 炭素・水・熱フラックス; 微気象生態科学; 苫小牧林試験地; フラックスサイト

This project included three subprojects locus on carbon cycle of various ecosystems across the Japanese archipelago : (1)Long-term monitoring on carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat fluxes over various types of ecosystems, (2)Understanding the characteristics of matter cycle for various types of ecosystems, and (3)Development of biosphere-atmosphere interaction model The aims of this project were (1) to estimate CO_2, H_2O and heat exchanges between ecosystem and atmosphere, and especially concerning the various forest ecosystems and grassland ecosystems (subproject 1) ; (2) to clarify driven factors on CO_2, H_2O and heat exchanges for the studied ecosystems by the means of plant physiological, ecological and micrometeorological analysis (subproject 2) ; and (3) to integrate results of flux measurements and analysis to mathematic models (subproject 3), and finally to understand interactions within carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems and their environmental variables.Use of the limi … More ted research fluid to achieve the maximum results, flux measurements were concentrated on the five sites in which the flux tower has been built up in advance, i.e. an evergreen coniferous forest, a deciduous coniferous forest, a deciduous broad-leaved forest, a C3/C4 mixed grassland, and a rice paddy field ecosystem. On these sites, first was to specify the seasonal changes in fluxes that may reflect characteristics of the studied ecosystem ; second was to analyze the relationships between micrometeorological variables (e.g. radiation, air temperature, wind speed and humidity etc) and plant physiological traits in relation to carbon dynamics ; and finally was to cross validate the ecosystem model (e.g. Sim-CYCLE) and biosphere-atmosphere interaction model (e.g. BAIM) by the observed data and analysis results. For example, the Sim-CYCLE with a high-solution of 5-degree grid simulated that terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia can absorb 10.1. Pg (1 Pg =10^<15>g) carbon by photosynthesis (GPP, gross primary production), and emit 5.0 Pg carbon by respiration (AR autotrophic respiration). That is, annual net primary production (NPP) of the terrestrial ecosystem in East Asia was estimated to be 5.06 Pg C, and to be 485 g C m^<-2> yr^<-1> when simply averaged by the total land area of East Asia. However, NPP was distributed heterogeneously with a wide range among various vegetation types from 100g C m^<-2> yr^<-1> in rough in inland deserts to greater than 1000 g C m^<-2> yr^<-1> in subtropical wet forests and rice paddy fields. Such a simulation result of NPP distribution tended to be adequate which mainly followed along the environmental gradients of temperature and soil moisture. However; bias and problems were still existed such as the estimated NPP was unreasonably low in Shandong peninsula. Such a bias might be due to errors caused by classifying land cover types using satellite data and climate distribution by linear interpolation.Project annual meeting has been held every year in autumn and members in large numbers attended. Members were stimulated by each other through the intense discussions regarding presentation and newest information, and field trips to observation sites. It is no doubt that new achievements will be wine out by various ways. Less

该项目包括三个子项目，涉及日本列岛各种生态系统的碳循环：（1）对各类生态系统的二氧化碳、水蒸气和热通量进行长期监测，（2）了解各类生态系统的物质循环特征，以及（3）开发生物圈-大气相互作用模型该项目的目的是（1）估算CO_2， 生态系统与大气之间的H_2O和热交换，特别是各种森林生态系统和草地生态系统（子项目1）； （2）通过植物生理、生态和微气象分析，明确研究生态系统CO_2、H_2O和热交换的驱动因素（子项目2）； （3）将通量测量和分析的结果整合到数学模型中（子项目3），最终了解陆地生态系统碳循环及其环境变量之间的相互作用。利用有限的研究流体以达到最大效果，通量测量集中在预先建立通量塔的五个地点，即常绿针叶林、落叶林 针叶林、落叶阔叶林、C3/C4 混交草原、稻田生态系统。在这些站点上，首先是指定可能反映所研究生态系统特征的通量的季节变化；二是分析微气象变量（如辐射、气温、风速、湿度等）与植物生理性状与碳动态的关系；最后通过观测数据和分析结果对生态系统模型（如Sim-CYCLE）和生物圈-大气相互作用模型（如BAIM）进行交叉验证。例如，具有5度网格高解的Sim-CYCLE模拟东亚陆地生态系统可以吸收10.1。通过光合作用(GPP，总初级生产)产生Pg(1 Pg＝10^ 15 g)碳，并通过呼吸(AR自养呼吸)释放5.0 Pg碳。也就是说，东亚陆地生态系统的年净初级生产力（NPP）估计为5.06 Pg C，按东亚陆地总面积简单平均后为485 g C m^<-2> yr^<-1>。然而，NPP在不同植被类型中分布不均匀，范围很广，从内陆荒漠粗地的100g C m^-2> yr^<-1>到亚热带湿地森林和稻田的大于1000 g C m^-2> yr^<-1>。这种NPP分布的模拟结果趋于充分，主要遵循温度和土壤湿度的环境梯度。然而;山东半岛NPP估算偏低等问题仍然存在。这种偏差可能是由于利用卫星数据和线性插值的气候分布对土地覆盖类型进行分类所造成的误差。项目年会每年在秋季举行，参加人数众多。通过对演示和最新信息的激烈讨论以及对观测地点的实地考察，成员们互相激励。毫无疑问，新的成果将会以多种方式交出。较少的

项目成果

Relationships between light, leaf nitrogen and nitrogen remobilization in the crowns of mature evergreen Quercus glauca trees.

光、叶氮和成熟常绿青栎树冠氮再利用之间的关系。

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Tree Physiology 24
• 作者: Miyazawa;S.-I.
• 通讯作者: S.-I.

ヒノキ(Chamaecyparis obtuse)人工林における土壌呼吸量の時間的・空間的変動

柏树（Chamaecyparis obtuse）人工林土壤呼吸的时空变化

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: 日本緑化工学会誌 29(1)
• 作者: 三谷智典;小杉緑子;谷誠;高梨聡;片山辰弥;和田卓巳
• 通讯作者: 和田卓巳

Asian CO_2 fluxes estimated using recent observations and transport model inversion

使用最近的观测和传输模型反演估算亚洲CO_2通量

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: Tellus B55
• 作者: 三谷智典;小杉緑子;谷誠;高梨聡;片山辰弥;和田卓巳;S.Sugawara他;D.Fujita他;S.Malusyutov他
• 通讯作者: S.Malusyutov他

High resolution records of CO_2, CH_4 and N_2O from polar ice cores

极地冰芯CO_2、CH_4和N_2O的高分辨率记录

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: Mem.Natl.Inst.Polar Res.Spec. 57
• 作者: 三谷智典;小杉緑子;谷誠;高梨聡;片山辰弥;和田卓巳;S.Sugawara他;D.Fujita他;S.Malusyutov他;S.Aoki他;S.Ishidoya他;B.Stauffer他
• 通讯作者: B.Stauffer他

日本の潜在的な自然植生分布に対する気候変化の影響予測

气候变化对日本自然植被潜在分布影响的预测

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: 農業気象 59
• 作者: 石神靖弘;清水 庸;大政謙次
• 通讯作者: 大政謙次