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Effects of psycho-social factors on inflexible uses of coping strategies and stress responses

心理社会因素对不灵活运用应对策略和压力反应的影响

基本信息

批准号：
13610141
负责人：
IWANAGA Makoto
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
HIROSHIMA UNIVERSIlY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Flexible uses of coping strategies according to properties of stress situations are important to reduce stress responses effectively. However, personality traits such as type-A behavior and pessimism tend to adopt an unsuitable coping strategy, because their evaluations about controllability of stress situations were inaccurate. Social pressures such as hoping from others or organizational climates also disturb flexible adoptions of coping strategies, and act as pressures to adopt a specific strategy. Therefore, as anybodies cannot cope with stress situations flexibly, they showed high strains. The present study aimed to examine personality and social factors affecting on the inflexible uses of coping strategies. Personality factors treated in this study were type-A behavior and pessimism, and social factors were hoping from others, differences between expectations and recognitions of own roles, and organizational climate. Participants were undergraduates and nurses. Main findings are as follows. Type-A person tended to adopt problem-focused coping, and pessimist tended to recognize stress situations as uncontrollable and then to adopt emotion-focused coping. As type-A individuals and pessimists adopted unsuitable coping strategies, they showed high strains. As social factors, hoping from others about a job management that was unrelated to nursing, and the recognition of nursing as a job for female was related to high strains. A non-supportive organizational climate was connected to evaluations of stressors as very dangerous and to increments of strains. Form these results, personality traits and social pressures disturbed flexible adoptions of coping strategies and then increased strains.

根据压力情况的特点灵活运用应对策略是有效减少压力反应的重要手段。然而，性格特征如a型行为和悲观主义倾向于采取不合适的应对策略，因为他们对压力情况可控性的评估是不准确的。来自他人的希望或组织氛围等社会压力也会干扰应对策略的灵活采用，并作为采取特定策略的压力。因此，任何人都不能灵活地应对压力情况，因此他们表现出高度紧张。本研究旨在探讨人格和社会因素对应对策略不灵活使用的影响。本研究处理的人格因素为a型行为和悲观主义，社会因素为他人的希望、对自身角色的期望与认知差异和组织氛围。参与者为本科生和护士。主要研究结果如下。a型倾向于采取以问题为中心的应对方式，悲观者倾向于将压力情境视为不可控制的，继而采取以情绪为中心的应对方式。由于a型个体和悲观主义者采取了不合适的应对策略，他们表现出高度紧张。社会因素方面，他人对与护理无关的工作管理的期望，以及女性对护理工作的认可与高压力有关。非支持性的组织气氛与将压力源评价为非常危险和压力增加有关。从这些结果来看，人格特质和社会压力干扰了应对策略的灵活采用，然后增加了压力。