The History of Migration, Ethnic Relations, and Popular Religions in the Chinese Frontier Society in the first half of the 19^<th> Century

1.从太平天国运动前台湾的社会状况来看，太平天国运动之所以发展成为全国性的运动，主要是由于以下几个因素的综合作用：（1）大陆移民的大量涌入，其中包括一些非常富有和有权势的人;（2）新来的汉族移民与原有的台湾人之间的激烈竞争;（3）汉族移民内部的激烈竞争这三个因素是19世纪中国南方社会结构的共同特征<th>，包括台湾、广西等地。19^世纪上半叶四川凉山地区<th>彝族与新来的汉族移民的民族关系十分恶劣，清政府基本上停止了对该地区的统治。此外，由风王施大开领导的太平军无法调解两个集团之间的敌对关系，这是泗川太平天国起义失败的一个重要原因。从17世纪<th>到19<th>世纪中国南方少数民族社会的转型来看，“华南”的汉族人不断地同化少数民族社会。同化游牧民族的策略之一是强迫他们成为农业农民，但与此同时，这些以前的游牧民族获得了特殊的奖学金和考试，以增加他们在政府中的机会。因此，在中国政府中，游牧运动被垂直的等级运动所取代。

1. Concerning the social conditions present in Taiwan immediately preceding the Taiping Rebellion, it was determined that the following combination of factors played an important role in facilitating the Taiping Rebellion's expansion into a nationwide event :(1) A high influx of immigrants from the Mainland, including some very rich and powerful individuals ;(2) Strong, often violent competition between the new Han Chinese immigrants and the existing Taiwanese people ;(3) Strong, often violent competition amongst the Han Chinese immigrants themselves.There three factors were common features of the social structure across Southern China in the 19^<th> Century, including Taiwan, Guangxi province, etc.2. The ethnic relationships in the Liangshan area of Sichuan province in the first half of the 19^<th> Century between the Yi Minority people and newly arrived Han immigrants were so bad that the Qing Government basically stopped governing the area. Moreover, the inability of the Taiping forces led by WindKing ShiDaKai's to mediate the hostilities between the two groups was a major reason for the failure of the Taiping Rebellion in Si chuan.3. Considering the transformation, from the 17^<th> to the 19^<th> Century, of minority societies in Southern China, "HuaNan," it is seen that the Han Chinese constantly assimilated minority societies. One of the tactics used to assimilate nomadic peoples was to force them to become agricultural farmers, but at the same time these previously nomadic peoples were given special scholarships and examinations to increase their opportunities in the government. So the nomadic movement was replaced by vertical, hierarchical movement in the Chinese government.