"Miscegenation" and "Creole" in the History of race Relations in Southern Africa

本研究的目的是分析被认为是“种族”交叉的“种族”和“克里奥尔”现象，以追溯“种族”概念在南部非洲的起源。克里奥尔的起源是17世纪中叶荷兰东亚公司(VOC)在开普敦的定居。开普省克里奥里化的独特之处在于，它不是定居者和土著之间的关系，而是包括奴隶在内的各种人之间的一种更为复杂和多元的关系。人们和语言的克里奥里化过程形成了开普敦周围的三个不同的地区。19世纪，当英国人开始殖民开普敦时，出现了新老殖民者之间的对抗，导致了克里奥里人的“种族”分裂。那些认为自己是“白人”的人开始称自己为“南非白人”，把那些不把“白人”当作“贵族”的人排除在外。这一过程导致了20世纪南非的全面种族隔离。这项研究仔细分析了南部非洲的几个克里奥里萨化案例，如Griqua，Orlam，RehoBoth，以及德国西南部非洲对“异族婚姻”的规范。在每一个案例中，殖民主义下的Creolizaion都是一个高度性别的过程。

The object of the present research is to analyze the phenomena of "miscegenation" and "creoles" as are regarded as crossing of "races", in order to trace the genesis of the "race" concept in Southern Africa.The origin of the creoles is the settlement of Dutch East Asia Company (VOC) in the Cape in the middle of the 17th century. The peculiarity of the creolization in the Cape is that it was not a relationship of the settler and the indigenous, but a far more complicated and multiple relationships of the various people including the slaves. The process of creolizaion of people and language formed three different areas around the Cape. In the 19th century when the British started colonization of the Cape a confrontation of the old 'and new settlers emerged which led to the "racial" division among the creolizing people. Those who understood themselves as "white" started calling themselves the "Afrikaner", excluding those who ware not "white" as the "Colords". This process produced the total segregation in South Africa in the 20^<th> ccentury.The research brought several cases of creolizaion in Southern Africa under close analysis such as Griqua, Orlam, Rehoboth, as well as the regulation of the "mixed marriage" in German Southwest Africa. In each case the creolizaion under colonialism was a highly gendered process.