Japan's shrimp trawl fisheries in the Gulf of California and the trilateral relations between Japan, Mexico, and the United States in the 1930s

这项研究探讨了20世纪30年代日本移民在加利福尼亚州海湾、南加州海岸和下加利福尼亚州沿海渔业中的社会关系，重点是日本、墨西哥和美国之间的三边关系史。这项研究通过洛杉矶地区的实地研究和渔业的多边档案研究，从四个方面进行了论证，这是移民史上的研究人员没有研究过的。首先，日本移民在与来自欧洲不同海域的渔民竞争和合作的同时，将他们的技术引入或同步到日本最先进的渔业技术。他们还利用了美国罐头厂和日本投资者的大笔资金。在南加州，他们与其他群体的社会关系是平等的。在墨西哥，通过日本拖网渔船船队和墨西哥政府之间的联络作用，渔业经纪人类型的移民也获得了更强的社会地位。作为Consequy…其次，东道国对现代渔业技术的需求和意愿促进了日本移民的活动。第三，日本在墨西哥利益的突出存在促使美国政府在日美关系恶化的情况下，特别是在中日战争破裂后，通过公法63实施了政府支持的技术援助计划。最后，1938年石油征收和1940年5月法国沦陷后，墨西哥政府不得不依赖美国的援助。由于亚洲战争，日本的利益不再能够提供。日本渔船的最终撤离削弱了日本移民的影响力，日美战争的爆发使他们在边界两侧的渔业中失去了社会地位。较少

This research explores social relations of Japanese immigrants in fisheries in the Gulf of California and along the coast of southern California and Baja California in the 1930s with an emphasis on the history of trilateral relations between Japan, Mexico, and the United States. This research argues four-fold through field research in Los Angeles area and multilateral archival research in fisheries, which researchers in immigration history have not examined.First, while competing and cooperating with fishermen from various sea areas in Europe, Japanese immigrants introduced or synchronized their techniques to state-of-art fishery technologies in Japan. They also utilized large capital of American canneries and Japanese investors. Their social relations with other groups stood equal in southern California. In Mexico, broker-type immigrants in fisheries also gained stronger social positions through a role of liaison between Japanese trawler fleets and the Mexican government. As a consequ … More ence, they could identify themselves as equal or leading social positions vis-a-vis their counterparts.Second, the demands and willingness in host countries for modern fishery technologies facilitated activities of Japanese immigrants.Third, the conspicuous presence of the Japanese interests in Mexico prompted the U.S. government to implement a government-sponsored technical assistance program through Public Law 63 when relations between Japan and the United States were deteriorating, particularly, after the break of the Sino-Japanese war.Lastly, after the oil expropriation in 1938 and the fall of France in May 1940, the Mexican government had to rely on the United States for the assistance, which the Japanese interests no longer could provide because of the war in Asia. The ultimate withdrawal of the Japanese fishing fleets undermined leverage that the Japanese immigrants had, and the outbreak of war between Japan and the United States eliminated their social standing in fisheries in the both side of the boarder. Less