British Queer Dramas and Modern Japanese Culture

该项目的目的是：（1）对同性恋戏剧进行新的定义，（2）通过这些新的定义和理论视角重新审视英国同性恋戏剧，（3）探讨英国同性恋戏剧与日本近代文化之间的文化互动，明治时期是欧洲，特别是英国文化产品的热情传播时期。其中英国现代戏剧对日本现代戏剧文化的形成有着重要的影响。第一步是吟游诗人。最近的研究表明，爱情剧毫无疑问是完全奇怪的。他的古怪显然影响了后来的戏剧家巴多拉托里有助于使莎士比亚成为一个民族诗人，在这个过程中，他的古怪以政治无意识的方式传播。探讨这种文化传播需要对同性恋和酷儿戏剧的定义进行重大的更新，而近年来的酷儿理论和性别研究有助于重新审视迄今为止所接受的定义，并创造出一个有见地的概念，我希望这一概念能对莎士比亚及其后继者的酷儿性质有所启发。日本现代戏剧是莎士比亚、18、19戏剧大量引进的文化产物。文化差异发挥了意想不到的作用，英剧原著中隐含的酷儿元素在日译本中被凸显出来，而英剧中的异性恋和强制性异性恋在日译本中被弱化和淡化。这些意想不到的结果似乎对日本近代文学文化产生了巨大的影响。

The purposes of this project are : (1) to establish new definitions of homosexual dramas in general, (2)to reconsider British homosexual dramas through these renewed definitions and theoretical insights, and (3) to investigate cultural interactions between British Homosexual Dramas and Japanese Modern Culture whose Meiji Period witnessed enthusiastic transportation of European, especially British, cultural products, among which British modern dramas were, as is now assumed, hugely influential to making of the modern Japanese theatrical culture. The starting point is the Bard. Shakespearean dramas, the recent studies have revealed, are totally and undoubtedly queer. His queerness apparently influenced the later dramatists Bardolatory contributed to the making of Shakespeare as a national poet and in this process his queerness were transmitted in politically unconscious ways. To explore this kind of cultural transmission needs drastic renewal of definitions of homosexual and queer dramas and recent queer theories and gender studies are quite helpful to reconsideration of the hitherto accepted definitions as well as to creation of that insightful concept which, I hope, will shed some sharp light to the queer quality of Shakespeare and his successors. Japanese Modern Dramas are cultural products of the enthusiastic imports of Shakespeare, 18th and 19th Dramas. Cultural differences functioned unexpectedly productive ways queer elements implicit in the original British Dramas were foregrounded in Japanese translated versions in contrast, heterosexism as well as compulsory heterosexuality in British Modern Dramas became weakened and less conspicuous in their Japanese versions. These unexpected results seem to have exercised great influence to Japanese literary cultures in modern times.