A Research on the Notion of Lexicalization in Morphology

形态学中词汇化概念的研究

• 批准号: 13610591
• 负责人: SHIMAMURA Reiko
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: Tsuda Collage
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610591/
• 关键词: lexicalization; lexicalized phrase; word plus (W^+); idiom; boundary between word and phrase; phrasal compound; decategorization; 句と語の境界; デフォルト接辞

The aim of this research is to clarify the notion of 'lexicalization' by considering the distinctions between words and phrases. In order to do so, I deal with two constructions. One is the combination of an adjective and a noun (A-N expression) occurring within a compound. I point out that in English and Dutch, not only A-N compounds (e.g. [blackboard] eraser) but semantically non-lexicalized A-N expressions (e.g. [small car] driver) are possible as non-head elements, while in Japanese and Chinese, only semantically lexicalized A-N compounds are possible, as in [kokuban] kesi ('blackboard eraser'). It should be noted that semantically transparent A-N expressions like [small car] driver obey the Lexical Integrity Principle, as seen from the unacceptability of the compound *[very small car] driver. I suggest that the category Word Plus (W^+), proposed in Kageyama 2001, be assigned to such A-N expressions. This category is defined as larger the Word (i.e.X^0) but nonetheless as a morphological category and not a syntactic category.The other constructions treated in this paper are prenominal expressions such as [after-the-party] mess, [clear-the-air] statement, [middle-of-the-road] figure. Such expressions should be defined as phrases reanalyzed as words (i.e.X^0), that is, lexicalized phrases, because they are fixed in form and comply with the Lexical Integrity Principle. I also argue that such expressions should be regarded as idioms because of the appearance of the articles the and a and decategorization (e.g.[after-party] mess and [middle-of-road] figure), both of which are typically observed in phrasal idioms like kick the bucket and lose (*the/ *a) face.

本研究的目的是通过考虑词和短语之间的区别来澄清“词汇化”的概念。为了做到这一点，我处理两个结构。一种是复合词中形容词和名词的组合（A-N表达）。我指出，在英语和荷兰语中，不仅A-N复合词（如[黑板擦]），而且语义上非词汇化的A-N表达（如[小汽车]司机）可能作为非中心语成分，而在日语和汉语中，只有语义上词汇化的A-N复合词是可能的，如[kokuban] kesi（'黑板擦'）。应该注意的是，语义透明的A-N表达式，如[small car] driver，遵守词汇完整性原则，这从复合词 *[very small car] driver的不可接受性中可以看出。我建议将这类A-N表达式归为Kageyama（2001）提出的词加（W^+）范畴。这一范畴被定义为比词大（即X^0），但它仍然是一个形态范畴而不是句法范畴。本文讨论的其他构式是名前表达，如[after-the-party] mess，[clear-the-air] statement，[middle-of-the-road] figure。这种表达应该被定义为重新分析为词（即X^0）的短语，即词汇化短语，因为它们在形式上是固定的，符合词汇完整性原则。本文还认为，由于冠词the和a的出现以及非范畴化（如：[after-party] mess和[middle-of-road] figure），这两个词通常出现在短语习语中，比如kick the bucket和lose（*the/ *a）face。

项目成果

SHIMAMURA Reiko: "The boundary between word and phrase: The case of A-N expressions within compounds"Proceedings of CIL 17, (ed. by B. Hajicova et al.),(Prague: Matfyzpress, MFF UK.). (CD-ROM). 1-17 (2003)

SHIMAMURA Reiko：“单词和短语之间的边界：复合词中 A-N 表达式的情况”，CIL 17 论文集（由 B. Hajicova 等编辑），（布拉格：Matfyzpress，MFF UK）。

SHIMAMURA Reiko: "Ku-to go-no kyokai"Ichikawa-sho 36-nen-no Kiseki, (ed. by Zaidan-hojin Gogakii Kyouiku Kenkkyujo), (Tokyo: Kaitakusha). 41-51 (2003)

岛村玲子：《九头五之境》市川书36年之轨迹（财团法人五垣研究研究所编），（东京：Kaitakusha）。

SHIMAMURA Reiko: "On lexicalized phrases"Empirical and Theoretical Investigations into Language: A Festschrift for Masaru Kajda, (ed. by S. Chiba et al.), (Tokyo: Kaitakusha). 631-646 (2003)

岛村玲子：《论词汇化短语》《语言的实证和理论研究：Masaru Kajda 的纪念文集》（由 S. Chiba 等编辑），（东京：Kaitakusha）。

島村 礼子: "語と句の境界 -複合名詞内部の「形容詞-名詞」形の場合-"市河賞35年の軌跡. (仮題). 40-51 (2003)

Reiko Shimamura：“单词和短语之间的界限 - 复合名词内‘形容词-名词’形式的情况 -” 市川奖 35 年（暂定标题）。