Research on Chaos/Complexity Criminology

混沌或复杂性理论将社会无序的存在与社会无序中的有序区分开来。在动态系统（包括作为宏观/微观系统的社会行为）的明显随机性中运作的模式规律的概念挑战了告知惩教，精神病学和/或法律实践的假设。它把人们的注意力从现代主义的线性因果调查、精确预测和严格控制的信念，转向后现代主义的非线性因果关系、自发性和机会的概念，这些概念可以与秩序同时存在。此外，混沌理论断言个体差异必须被允许存在；也就是说，容忍个人的非线性行为并不会使社会系统陷入无法控制的混乱。人类存在的分形本质倾向于一个奇怪的吸引子：在一个无序的系统中自然出现的秩序。个人或地方一级的过度管制并不能确保社会或全球一级的稳定。必须关注那些松散和不稳定构造的关键参数。通过击败变异来控制混乱是不可能的。变化和流动。采用混沌方法来处理冲突，认识到不稳定的常态性，“远离平衡条件”，并将流动性、社会无序性、异质性、多样性和自发性视为任何相互作用的复杂系统的预期表现。通过强调远离平衡的条件，混沌理论家能够清晰地表达出一种解决冲突的模型，这种模型更具动态性，能够捕捉复杂、动态的社会系统的不稳定性。混沌理论表明，初始条件的微小变化可能在宏观结构水平上产生深远的影响。

Chaos or complexity theory distinguishes the presence of social disorder from order within social disorder. The notion of patterned regularities operating deep within the apparent randomness of dynamic systems (including the behavior of society as a macro/micro system) challenges the assumptions informing correctional, psychiatric, and/or legal practice. It draws attention away from modernist convictions of linear cause-effect inquiry, precise prediction, and rigid control, toward postmodernist notions of nonlinear causality, spontaneity, and chance that can exist simultaneously with order.Moreover chaos theory asserts that individual differences must be allowed to exist ; that is, tolerance for individual, nonlinear behavior does not dispose a social system to unmanageable disorder. The fractal nature of human existence tends toward a strange attractor : a naturally occurring order within the disorder of a system. Excessive regulation at the personal or local level does not ensure stability at the societal or global levels. Concern must be directed toward those key parameters that are loosely and unstably constructed. It is not possible to control chaos by means that defeat variation. change and flux.Adopting a chaos approach to conflict recognizes the normality of instability, "far from equilibrium conditions", and views flux, social disorganization, heterogeneity, diversity, and spontaneity as the expected manifestation of any complex system of interacting agents. By emphasizing far-from-equilibrium conditions, chaos theorists are able to articulate a model of conflict resolution that is much more dynamic and capable of capturing the volatile nature of complex, dynamic social systems. Chaos theory suggests that small changes in initial conditions may have profound consequences at the macro-structural level.