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lnter-regional Competitions and the Transition to the Factory System in English Textile Industries

英国纺织工业的区域间竞争和向工厂制度的转变

基本信息

批准号：
13630084
负责人：
SAKAMAKI Kiyoshi
金额：
$ 0.58万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

There were various factors in competitions among regional textile industries before the British industrial revolution. I focus on the following points; how the industrial moral economy was in each regional industry and how it was overcome, how cloths were transmitted from manufacturers to markets, especially whether tradesmen and merchants were general dealers or special ones and whether they could give manufacturers quick and correct information of fashions among consumers or not. In the woolen industry of West of England where social and cultural gaps were very big between gentleman clothiers and domestic workers, the latter were persistent with the industrial moral economy and resisted against gentleman clothiers who were often justices of the peace. As the clothiers depended on agents and general merchants in London markets, they delayed in responding to changes of fashions and in introducing spinning machines to construct factories. It is clearly contrasted with the Lancashire cot … More ton industry, in which manufacturers overcome the industrial moral economy in the section of spinning at the end of the 18^<th> century, developing new markets through Liverpool, and realizing free competition among spinners, that is, the political economy, to construct factories with spinning machines. On the other hand, embezzlement was one of the most important factors of industrial moral economy and domestic workers regarded it as 'perquisite', while clothiers and government had tried to prohibit it by many acts since the 16^<th> century. In the 16^<th> and 17^<th> centuries, they could settled embezzlement by satisfaction under the acts, but from 1749, embezzlement was punished immediately as a crime, with clarification of idea of property right. Those acts were intensified especially in regions of worsted industry which developed large putting out system, though its market was undermined by cotton. As for the London cloth market and merchants, I only surveyed works of various fields of London history, to prepare for a research into the subject. Less

在英国工业革命之前，区域纺织业之间的竞争存在着多种因素。我的重点是以下几点：工业道德经济在每个地区的行业中是如何存在的，它是如何被克服的，服装是如何从制造商传递到市场的，特别是商人和商人是普通经销商还是特殊商人，他们是否能向制造商提供消费者中快速而正确的时尚信息。在英格兰西部的羊毛工业中，绅士服装师和家政工人之间的社会和文化差距非常大，后者坚持工业道德经济，抵制往往是太平绅士的绅士服装师。由于服装商依赖于伦敦市场上的代理商和普通商人，他们推迟了对时尚变化的反应，并推迟了引进纺纱机来建造工厂。它与兰开夏郡的科特…形成了鲜明的对比。更多的纺织工业，即18世纪末制造商克服纺纱行业的工业道德经济，通过利物浦开拓新市场，实现纺纱者之间的自由竞争，即以纺机建厂的政治经济。另一方面，贪污是工业道德经济中最重要的因素之一，家政工人将其视为“特权”，而自16世纪以来，服装商和政府通过许多行动试图禁止这种行为。在16世纪和17世纪，他们可以通过该法解决挪用公款罪，但从1749年开始，随着财产权概念的明确，挪用公款罪立即被定罪。这些行为加剧了，特别是在毛纺工业地区，这些地区发展了较大的投放系统，尽管其市场受到棉花的破坏。至于伦敦布料市场和商人，我只调查了伦敦历史各个领域的作品，为研究这一主题做准备。较少