Impact of a 1℃ warming : paleoenvironmental studies of northern sea of Japan during

我们收集了北海道函馆湾的沉积样品，并分析了化石记录，以研究冷水生态系统对气候变化的响应。在函馆湾最年轻的一个严重递变的桑迪层中发现了大量直径为0.5 - 2.0mm的玻璃球。根据玻璃球的地层分布、形成和补给过程，以及影响函馆湾的自然和人为事件的历史，得出以下结论：1）玻璃球可能是第二次世界大战期间在函馆湾东头的大型轮船爆炸形成的（一九四五年七月十四日）以及2）在1954年台风富山丸期间，风暴潮和相关的水流可能携带了大量的沉积物，包括玻璃球，风暴床是研究函馆湾沉积过程和环境变化的关键层。

We collected sedimentary samples from Hakodate Bay, Hokkaido and analyzed fossil records to examine response of cold-water ecosystem to climatic changes. The youngest graded gravely to sandy bed in Hakodate Bay was discovered to contain abundant glassy spheres of 0.5-2.0mm in diameter. The stratigraphic distribution and the processes of formation and supply of the glassy spheres, and the history of natural and anthropogenic events influencing Hakodate Bay, lead to the following conclusions:1)the glassy spheres may be formed by explosions of large steamships in the east head of the bay during the World War II (July,14,1945); and2)during Typhoon Toyamaru in 1954, the storm surge and associated currents could have carried abundant sediment, including the glassy spheres, seaward and deposited them as the youngest graded bed in Hakodate Bay.The storm bed may be useful as a key bed that can be used to understand depositional process and environmental changes in Hakodate Bay.