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Genetic structures of huge ant colonies, with reference to mechanism for maintaining the polyethism in eusocial insects

巨型蚁群的遗传结构，参考真社会性昆虫的多群性维持机制

基本信息

批准号：
13640623
负责人：
HIGASHI Seigo
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

I made research on such ant species as Formica yessensis, Oecophylla smaragdina and three army ants which have supercolonies or huge colonies. In a supercolony of F.yessensis on Ishikari Coast, northern Japan, the relatedness was measured using four microsatellite DNA primers. The within-nest relatedness was from 0.248 to 0.484 while the between-nest relatedness was from 0.148 to 0.343. The between-nest relatedness was not correlated with between-nest distance, suggesting the absence of genetic viscosity which had been considered as the ultimate mechanism for maintaining the supercolonies.I collected Oecophylla smaragdina colonies from 30 local populations in South-East Asia, New Guinea and Australia and analyzed the phylogeny using mitochondrial cyt b gene. The Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the first divergence occurred In early stage of their history in which the Asian, Australian and Sulawesian groups rose. This grouping was almost coincident with the distribution of land-mass In glacial periods In Pleistocene. Thereafter, each group seemed to have Independently diverged into present populations on each landmass.I also studied the phenology and morphology of the ponerine nomadic ant Onychomyrmex hedleyi which belongs to the primitive ponerine ant tribe Amblyoponini and has been considered to be important for evolutionary studies of army ant behavior. Their behavior was different from that of higher army ants as follows : the colony size seems the smallest of all army ants ; the direction of colony migration is irregular, consisting of long-distance migration and short-distance migration.

对具有超群体或大群体的蚂蚁种类叶斯林蚁（Formica yessensis）、斑叶蚁（Oecophylla smaragdina）和三种行军蚁进行了研究。在日本北方石狩海岸的一个超级群体中，使用4个微卫星DNA引物测量了F.yessensis的相关性。巢内相关系数为0.248 ~ 0.484，巢间相关系数为0.148 ~ 0.343。巢间亲缘关系与巢间距离不相关，表明没有遗传粘性，这一直被认为是维持超群体的最终机制。我收集了来自东南亚、新几内亚和澳大利亚的30个地方群体的Oecophylla smaragdina群体，并利用线粒体cyt B基因分析了其遗传。系统发育分析表明，第一次分化发生在历史的早期，亚洲、澳大利亚和苏拉威西亚类群崛起。这一分组与更新世冰期的陆块分布基本一致。此后，每个组似乎都独立地分化成现在的人口在每个landmass.I还研究了ponterious游牧蚂蚁Onychomyrmex hedleyi的物候和形态，它属于原始ponteriant部落Amblyoponini，并已被认为是重要的行军蚁行为的进化研究。与高等行军蚁不同的是：殖民地规模最小，迁移方向不规则，有长距离迁移和短距离迁移两种。