Determinants of the shape of the neurocranium sought through analyses of correlations between the neurocranium and limb bones

通过分析神经颅骨和四肢骨之间的相关性来寻找神经颅骨形状的决定因素

• 批准号: 13640716
• 负责人: MIZOGUCHI Yuji
• 金额: $ 1.54万
• 依托单位: National Science Museum, Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13640716/
• 关键词: brachycephalization; cranial length; cranial breadth; postcranial bones; upper limb bones; lower limb bones; principal component analysis; bootstrap method; 体幹体肢骨; 国際情報交換; オーストラリア

The superior view of the Japanese skull has changed from the anteroposteriorly long shape in the medieval times to the short one at the present. This phenomenon is called brachycephalization. The causes for this brachycephalization, however, have not been determined yet. Since 1992, the present author has examined correlations between cranial and postcranial measurements as a step toward clarifying the causes for brachycephalization and found that, while cranial breadth has no consistent association with any measurements of the vertebrae, ribs, and shoulder girdle, cranial length is strongly associated with the sagittal and transverse diameters of the vertebral bodies, and with sacral breadths. In the present study, the correlations between neurocranial measurements and those of the upper and lower limb bones were further examined for the same purpose.In result, the present analyses and previous findings suggest that the chronological changes of three variables, i.e., the shape of the pelvis, body size, and the amount of skeletal muscles, can cause brachycephalization through their influence on the changes in maximum cranial length. Further, it is possible to consider that the causes for the changes in such physical variables, especially in body size and the amount of skeletal muscles, are chronological changes in nutrition intake and the amount of labor. Of course, the correspondency of these possible causes with the morphological changes in the skull should further be investigated in the future.

日本人头骨的上位视图已经从中世纪的前后长形转变为现在的短型。这种现象被称为短头化。然而，这种短头畸形的原因还没有确定。自1992年以来，作者研究了颅骨和颅后测量之间的相关性，以进一步阐明短头化的原因，并发现，尽管颅宽与椎骨、肋骨和肩带的任何测量都没有一致的关联，但颅长与椎体的矢状径和横径以及骶骨宽度有很强的相关性。在这项研究中，为了同样的目的，进一步研究了脑颅测量与上肢和下肢骨骼测量的相关性。结果表明，骨盆形状、身体大小和骨骼肌数量这三个变量的时间变化可以通过影响最大颅长的变化而导致短头化。此外，可以认为，这些身体变量的变化，特别是身体大小和骨骼肌量的变化，是营养摄入量和劳动量的时序变化。当然，这些可能的原因与颅骨形态变化的对应关系还有待于进一步研究。

项目成果

Mizoguchi, Yuji: "Associations between the neurocranium and the leg bones: Toward the solution of the brachycephalization problem"Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series D. 29. 25-39 (2003)

Mizoguchi，Yuji：“神经颅骨和腿骨之间的关联：解决短头化问题”，东京国立科学博物馆公告，系列 D. 29. 25-39 (2003)

Mizoguchi, Y.: "Associations between the neurocranium and the leg bones : Toward the solution of the brachycephalization problem"Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series D. 29. 25-39 (2003)

Mizoguchi, Y.：“神经颅骨和腿骨之间的关联：解决短头化问题”国立科学博物馆公告，东京，系列 D. 29. 25-39 (2003)

Mizoguchi, Yuji: "Associations between neurocranial and ulnar/radial measurements: Towardthe solution of the brachycephalization problem"Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series D. 28. 1-14 (2002)

Mizoguchi, Yuji：“神经颅和尺骨/桡骨测量之间的关联：解决短头化问题”东京国立科学博物馆公告，系列 D. 28. 1-14 (2002)

Mizoguchi, Yuji: "Associations between the neurocranium and the leg bones : Toward the solution of the brachycephalization problem"Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series D. 29. 25-39 (2003)

Mizoguchi, Yuji：“神经颅骨和腿骨之间的关联：解决短头化问题”，东京国立科学博物馆公告，系列 D. 29. 25-39 (2003)

Mizoguchi, Yuji: "Associations between neurocranial and ulnar/radial measurements : Toward the solution of the brachycephalization problem"Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series D. 28. 1-14 (2002)

Mizoguchi，Yuji：“神经颅和尺骨/桡骨测量之间的关联：解决短头化问题”，东京国立科学博物馆公告，系列 D. 28. 1-14 (2002)