A Study on the Effects of Transportation Demand Management Measures considering 24-Hours-Life-Cycle

近年来，为了更好地管理城市交通需求，各地开展了各种社会试验。然而，一些实验并不能提供预期的结果。造成这些结果的原因之一是试验时间很短，效果还没有观察清楚，但另一个主要原因是没有充分考虑社会条件和每个出行者的日常生活必需品。为了评价停车换乘和换乘等城市交通需求管理措施，本研究提出了一个模型来预测出行者在24小时生命周期约束下的出发时间选择以及方式和路线选择。本研究得出以下结论：1)上班族在时间域中的行为(发车时间和离开时间的选择)可以用非效用的概念来描述，其度量是工作场所迟到的概率。2)有必要考虑出行所花费的时间质量的差异以及在时间域中定义的非公用事业的差异。3)希望实现对停车费的充分控制，作为通勤者的实际和每日支付。

Recently, various social experiments are executed in various places in order to achieve the preferable management of urban transportation demand. However, some experimentations could not provide the expected results. One of the reasons of these results are that the experimentations are executed in very short period, and the effects are not clearly observed yet, but the other dominant reasons are the insufficient considerations of social conditions and the necessities of daily life for every traveler.This study proposes a model to predict the travelers' departure time choice along with the mode and route choices under the 24-hour-life-cycle constraint in order to evaluate the measures for urban transportation demand management such as park-and-ride and ride-and-ride. The followings are derived from this research:1)Commuters' behavior in the temporal domain (choices of departure time and leaving time) can be described using a concept of disutility of which measure is the probability of being late at the workplace.2)It is necessary to consider the differences of the quality of time consumed for traveling along with the disutilities defined in the temporal domain.3)It is desired to achieve an sufficient control of parking charge as an actual and daily payment of the commuters.