Vegetation changes by the glacial-interglacial circle

我取了一个37万到2.5万年前的岩心。来自日本西部京都附近的神吉盆地。该岩心将提供37万年前冰期-间冰期的连续植被史。年表是基于广泛的tephra， AMS 14C日期。我利用花粉分析明确了MIS 5e以来的植被历史。在mis5e（末次间冰期）期间，大叶紫薇的现代栖息地位于日本东南岛，大叶紫薇的森林以常绿栎树和日本柳杉为主。在MIS 5d ~ 5a期间，发育了温带针叶林，主要以寒温带落叶阔叶林为主，以日本柳杉、黄斑松木和柏科为主。70 ~ 60 kyr BP期间，松科针叶林植被以杉木、云杉和松亚属Haploxylon为主，对应于同位素阶段4。约60 kyr BP，其次是寒温带落叶阔叶林，主要由油毡木（Fagus crenata）、鳞翅果（Lepidobalanus）亚属栎（Quercus）和石竹（Ostrya/Carpinus）组成。间伐区以柏科和落叶栎林为主的温带针叶林（MIS 3）。从30 ~ 12 kyr BP （MIS 2）开始发育针叶林，以冷杉、杉木、云杉、松木和桦木为主。在公元前12万年，油桐在森林中占据主导地位。12 kyr BP时以毛茛为主的森林在全新世早期转变为栗树林，可能受到火灾干扰的影响。全新世中期（6000年后）以后，柳杉、柏科、常绿橡树和油毡木在森林中占主导地位。2500yrbp以日本柳杉为主。人类活动引起的火灾可能导致了柳杉林的减少。此后，植被转向以落叶林和松林为主。

I have taken a long core beyond 370,000 to 25,000 yr BP. from Kamiyoshi Basin near Kyoto City in western Japan. This core will provide a continuous vegetation history of the glacial-interglacial circles beyond 370,000 yr BP. The chronology was based on widespread tephra, AMS 14C dates. I have made clear the vegetation history since MIS 5e using pollen analysis. During MIS 5e (the last interglacial), evergreen oaks and Cryptomeria japonica were dominant in forests with Lagerstroemia whose modern habitat is districted in the South Eastern Island of Japan. In the period between MIS 5d and 5a, temperate conifer forests developed, composed of Cryptomeria japonica, Sciadopitys verticillata, and Cupressaceae trees associated mainly with cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved trees. Pinaceous conifer vegetation dominated by Tsuga, Picea, and Pinus subgenus Haploxylon was dominant between 70 and 60 kyr BP, corresponding to isotope stage 4. Around 60 kyr BP, this was followed by cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests composed mainly of Fagus crenata, Quercus subgenus Lepidobalanus and Ostrya/Carpinus. Temperate conifer forests dominated by Cupressaceae trees with Lepidobalanus (deciduous oaks) occurred in the interstade (MIS 3). From 30 kyr BP to 12 kyr BP (MIS 2), the conifer forests developed, composed of Abies, Tsuga, Picea and Pine with Betula trees. In 12 kyr BP, Fagus crenata became dominant in forests. Forests dominated by Fagus crenata in 12 kyr BP, changed to chestnut forests in the early Holocene, probably affected by fire disturbances. After the middle Holocene (after 6000 yr BP), Cryptomeria japonica, Cupressaceae trees, evergreen oaks and Fagus crenata became dominant in forests. Cryptomeria japonica was predominant in 2500 yrBP. Fires probably caused by human activities made the Cryptomeria forests decline. After that, the vegetation shifted to deciduouse and pine dominated forests.