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A Theoretical and Empirical Study on the Coffee Food System: Prospects of New Links between Producing Countries and Consuming Countries toward Poverty Alleviation for Coffee Producers

咖啡食品体系的理论与实证研究：生产国与消费国之间新的联系对咖啡生产者扶贫的前景

基本信息

批准号：
13660219
负责人：
NIIYAMA Yoko
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The futures price of Arabica coffee bean, which is determined in the New York Coffee Exchange, is at "the record low level" as a result of oversupply in the global coffee market. This is due firstly to increased modernization and promotion of efficiency in a production-distribution system in the largest coffee producing country Brazil, and secondly due to a sharp increase in production of low quality beans in the new coffee producer Vietnam. In addition co this, the resulting loss of speculators' interest in coffee bean market has contributed to the price reduction.New York futures price has been used as a benchmark price in the world Arabica coffee trade. Therefore in small coffee producing countries including Tanzania, the lowest price as well as inefficient production-distribution system and blatant gap in bargaining power and information content between sellers/producers (including small-scale farmers and cooperatives) and buyers/exporters (such as multinational companies) has led … More to the producer price at "the record low level" in small coffee producing countries including Tanzania. As a result, 25 million coffee producers around the world have been suffering from poverty.On the contrary, the coffee industry in the consuming country Japan has enjoyed the benefit from the availability of cheap green coffee beans. However, several factors have boosted the competitiveness in Japan: a protracted recession; the boom in foreign coffee shop chains (this indicates the change of the needs towards coffee shops); the removal of intermediate stages of business such as Import Firm * Wholesaler of Green Beans * Coffee Processing Company * Business Demand/Retailers. Consequently, the market was polarized between those "seeking low price" and "seeking high quality" . In case of the latter, traders are forced to face a matter of life and death where securing high quality beans is extremely difficult due to the slump in producer prices.How should "ideal links between producing countries and consuming countries" be established, in order to solve the above mentioned issues? Firstly, they are featured in the International Coffee Agreement, which was achieved as a result of the "North-South problems movement" . This, however, has not worked since 1989 due to America' s withdrawal from the Agreement. There have been plans for establishing a fund for supporting producers, which have been much discussed by the International Coffee Organization that manages the above Agreement. This fund is yet to be realized. The only currently practiced "ideal links" can be found in Fairtrade (a trade movement which guarantees to set minimum export prices and return profits to production area). It s not, however, be widespread (Fairtrade only accounts for less than one percent in Japan). Less

由于全球咖啡市场供过于求，在纽约咖啡交易所确定的阿拉比卡咖啡豆期货价格处于“创纪录的低水平”。这首先是由于最大的咖啡生产国巴西的生产-分销系统的现代化和效率提高，其次是由于新咖啡生产国越南的低质量咖啡豆产量急剧增加。此外，投机者对咖啡豆市场兴趣的丧失也导致了价格的下降，纽约期货价格一直被用作世界阿拉比卡咖啡贸易的基准价格。因此，在包括坦桑尼亚在内的小型咖啡生产国，最低的价格、低效的生产分销系统以及卖家/生产者（包括小规模农民和合作社）和买家/出口商（例如跨国公司）之间讨价还价能力和信息内容的明显差距导致 ...更多信息在包括坦桑尼亚在内的咖啡生产小国，生产者价格处于“创纪录的低水平”。因此，全世界2 500万咖啡生产者一直处于贫困之中，相反，消费国日本的咖啡业却从廉价绿色咖啡豆的供应中获益。然而，有几个因素提高了日本的竞争力：长期的经济衰退;外国咖啡店连锁店的繁荣（这表明对咖啡店的需求发生了变化）;取消了中间阶段的业务，如进口公司 * 绿色豆的销售商 * 咖啡加工公司 * 业务需求/零售商。因此，市场在“求低价”和“求优质”之间两极分化。在后者的情况下，由于生产者价格下跌，很难获得高质量的大豆，贸易商不得不面对生死攸关的问题。为了解决上述问题，应该如何建立“生产国和消费国之间的理想联系”？第一，它们体现在《国际咖啡协定》中，该协定是“南北问题运动”的结果。然而，自1989年以来，由于美国退出该协定，这一做法没有奏效。已计划设立一个支持生产者的基金，管理上述协定的国际咖啡组织对此进行了大量讨论。该基金尚未兑现。目前唯一实行的“理想联系”可以在公平贸易（一种保证设定最低出口价格并将利润返还生产地区的贸易运动）中找到。然而，它并不普遍（公平贸易在日本只占不到1%）。少