A Theoretical and Empirical Study on the Coffee Food System: Prospects of New Links between Producing Countries and Consuming Countries toward Poverty Alleviation for Coffee Producers

由于全球咖啡市场供过于求，纽约咖啡交易所确定的阿拉比卡咖啡豆期货价格处于“创纪录低位”。这首先是由于最大的咖啡生产国巴西提高了生产-分销系统的现代化和效率，其次是由于新的咖啡生产国越南大幅增加了低品质咖啡豆的产量。此外，投机者对咖啡豆市场兴趣的丧失也是导致价格下跌的原因之一。纽约期货价格一直被用作世界阿拉比卡咖啡交易的基准价。因此，在包括坦桑尼亚在内的咖啡生产小国，最低的价格以及低效的生产分配体系，以及卖家/生产者(包括小规模农民和合作社)与买家/出口商(如跨国公司)之间议价能力和信息含量的明显差距，导致了…更多的原因是包括坦桑尼亚在内的咖啡生产小国的生产者价格处于“创纪录的低位”。结果，全球2500万咖啡生产商陷入贫困。相反，消费国日本的咖啡业却享受到了廉价绿色咖啡豆的好处。然而，有几个因素提升了日本的竞争力：长期的经济衰退；外国咖啡连锁店的繁荣(这表明需求转向咖啡店)；中间业务阶段的取消，如进口公司*绿豆批发商*咖啡加工公司*商业需求/零售商。因此，市场在“追求低价”和“追求高质量”之间出现了两极分化。在后者的情况下，贸易商被迫面对生死存亡的问题，由于生产者价格暴跌，获得优质豆类的难度极大。如何建立“生产国和消费国之间的理想联系”，以解决上述问题？首先，它们出现在《国际咖啡协定》中，这项协定是在“南北问题运动”下达成的。然而，自以来，由于美国S退出该协定，这一点就不起作用了。管理上述协定的国际咖啡组织对设立一个支持生产者的基金的计划进行了大量讨论。这笔资金尚未变现。目前唯一实行的“理想联系”可以在公平贸易中找到(一种保证设定最低出口价格并将利润返还给生产地的贸易运动)。然而，S并不普遍(公平贸易在日本只占不到1%)。较少

The futures price of Arabica coffee bean, which is determined in the New York Coffee Exchange, is at "the record low level" as a result of oversupply in the global coffee market. This is due firstly to increased modernization and promotion of efficiency in a production-distribution system in the largest coffee producing country Brazil, and secondly due to a sharp increase in production of low quality beans in the new coffee producer Vietnam. In addition co this, the resulting loss of speculators' interest in coffee bean market has contributed to the price reduction.New York futures price has been used as a benchmark price in the world Arabica coffee trade. Therefore in small coffee producing countries including Tanzania, the lowest price as well as inefficient production-distribution system and blatant gap in bargaining power and information content between sellers/producers (including small-scale farmers and cooperatives) and buyers/exporters (such as multinational companies) has led … More to the producer price at "the record low level" in small coffee producing countries including Tanzania. As a result, 25 million coffee producers around the world have been suffering from poverty.On the contrary, the coffee industry in the consuming country Japan has enjoyed the benefit from the availability of cheap green coffee beans. However, several factors have boosted the competitiveness in Japan: a protracted recession; the boom in foreign coffee shop chains (this indicates the change of the needs towards coffee shops); the removal of intermediate stages of business such as Import Firm * Wholesaler of Green Beans * Coffee Processing Company * Business Demand/Retailers. Consequently, the market was polarized between those "seeking low price" and "seeking high quality" . In case of the latter, traders are forced to face a matter of life and death where securing high quality beans is extremely difficult due to the slump in producer prices.How should "ideal links between producing countries and consuming countries" be established, in order to solve the above mentioned issues? Firstly, they are featured in the International Coffee Agreement, which was achieved as a result of the "North-South problems movement" . This, however, has not worked since 1989 due to America' s withdrawal from the Agreement. There have been plans for establishing a fund for supporting producers, which have been much discussed by the International Coffee Organization that manages the above Agreement. This fund is yet to be realized. The only currently practiced "ideal links" can be found in Fairtrade (a trade movement which guarantees to set minimum export prices and return profits to production area). It s not, however, be widespread (Fairtrade only accounts for less than one percent in Japan). Less