Investigation on Evaluation Methods for the Significance of the Early and Middle Paleolithic Sites

2001年至2004年，我们与几个地方政府、大学和地方考古研究小组合作，对藤村有伪造嫌疑的遗址和文物进行了调查研究。调查结果表明，藤村及其同事发现和/或挖掘的168处旧石器时代遗址是伪造的。特别是，重要的是，这些堡垒被发现在Zazaragi网站已指定的国家历史遗址。我们已经开发了调查方法，如何明确文物是伪造的或没有，以及网站是堡垒或没有。在人工制品方面，我们检查了石器表面的新鲜疤痕、氧化铁条纹、黑色土壤、石器的摩擦脊和边缘以及石器的生产技术。重新检查藤村在以前的挖掘中发现的所有石器及其私人收藏，发现它们保留了高度可疑的痕迹， 关于我们 配给。这些结果证明，自1972年他对旧石器时代考古产生兴趣以来，他已经持续了四分之一个多世纪的旧石器时代遗址。我们的调查性发掘显示，藤村的伪造手法和他种植石器所用的工具并不复杂。因此，通过仔细检查文物下土壤的特征，可以发现伪造的痕迹。而以往发掘中所报道的桩孔、坑等人为特征，均被证明是对自然作用下产生的点状土壤蚀变或土壤颜色蚀变的错误识别。因此，我们必须通过与地质学家的密切合作来确定人为特征。根据一系列调查研究的经验，我们必须对旧石器遗址进行研究，特别要注意出土文物是否有可疑的情况，出土文物在考古环境中的出现情况，出土文物是否符合作为其所在沉积物的一部分的要求，或在沉积环境中是否存在对人工制品产状的矛盾。为了允许这样的方法以及在批准一个新的发现，有必要发展与第四纪研究领域的进一步合作。少

We carried out investigative researches co-operative with several local governments, universities and local archaeological study groups on about the sites and artifacts that had the doubts of forgery by Fujimura from 2001 to 2004. The results of those investigations made clear that 168 Paleolithic sites which had found and/or excavated by Fujimura and his colleagues were forged. Especially, it was important that those forgeries were revealed at the Zazaragi site which have appointed the National Historic Site.We have developed investigative methods how to make clear the artifacts are forged or not, and also the sites are forted or not. In case of the artifacts, we have checked fresh scars, iron oxide striae, black soils on the lithic surface, rubbed ridges and edges of the lithics, and lithic production techniques. Re-examination of all lithic artifacts had found by Fujimura in previous excavations and his private collection has revealed that they retain suspicious traces in high propo … More rtions. These results proved that he had continued to forge Paleolithic sites for more than quarter of century since 1972 when he had became interested in the Paleolithic archaeology. Our investigative excavations have revealed that Fujimura's handiwork of forgery and his implements had used for the planting lithic artifacts were not so complex. Therefore, it is possible to detect traces of forgery by carefully checking the features of soil beneath artifacts. And all the anthropogenic features such as post-holes and pits which had been reported in previous excavations proved to be misidentification of spotty soil alteration or soil color alteration produced under natural agency. Thus, we must identify anthropogenic features by close cooperation with geologists. Based on the experience obtained through the series of investigative researches, we must undertake research of Paleolithic sites, with special attention to such questions as whether there is any suspicious circumstances on artifacts uncovered and their occurrence in the archaeological context, whether uncovered artifacts fill requirements to be part of the sediments in which they are contained, or whether there is any contradiction on the occurrence of artifacts in the depositional environment. In order to allow such an approach as well as in approving a new discovery, it is necessary to develop further cooperation with fields of Quaternary studies. Less