Quantum optical and nonlinear optical properties of semiconductors and semiconductor heterostructures in photonic crystals

半导体和光子晶体中半导体异质结构的量子光学和非线性光学特性

• 批准号: 5318309
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Stephan W. Koch (†)
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachbereich 13: Physik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2000-12-31 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/5318309?language=en
• 关键词: Quantum; optical; nonlinear; properties; semiconductors

Tayloring the photonic dispersion relation in "photonic crystals", a periodic arrangement of dielectric materials on the length scale of the optical wavelength, influences the lightmatter interaction fundamentally. The radiative life time of an excited state, for instance, can be varied over several orders of magnitude by reducing the photonic density of states in the corresponding spectral region. Also the effective coupling strength between light and matter can be tuned by altering the photonic density of states. Direct-gap semiconductor heterostructures provide particularly interesting material systems to study the possibilities of manipulating the light-matter interaction for both fundamental and practical reasons. They exhibit strong excitonic resonances even at room temperature, the quantum efficiency of well-designed opto-electronic devices is limited by spontaneous emission and they can be grown with almost molecular precision. Within this project, we want to theoretically study the interaction between semiconductors and semiconductor heterostructures and photonic crystals. The basis of our approach are the semiconductor luminescence equations, which are an extension of the semiconductor Bloch equations for a fully quantized light field. The quantization of the light field is crucial to understand the strong light-matter coupling, since the spontaneous emission rate, in particular, is modified in photonic crystals. We are especially interested in light emission properties, lasing and pulse propagation effects, as well as quantum optical effects like the radiative life of excitons and the excitonic and light field statistics.

“光子晶体”是介质材料在光波长尺度上的周期性排列，其光子色散关系对光物质相互作用有着根本性的影响。例如，激发态的辐射寿命可以通过降低相应光谱区域中的光子态密度而在几个数量级上变化。此外，光与物质之间的有效耦合强度可以通过改变光子态密度来调节。直接带隙半导体异质结构提供了特别有趣的材料系统，以研究操纵光-物质相互作用的可能性，无论是基本的还是实际的原因。它们甚至在室温下也表现出强激子共振，精心设计的光电器件的量子效率受到自发辐射的限制，并且它们可以以几乎分子的精度生长。在这个项目中，我们希望从理论上研究半导体和半导体异质结构与光子晶体之间的相互作用。我们的方法的基础是半导体发光方程，这是一个完全量子化的光场的半导体布洛赫方程的扩展。光场的量子化对于理解强的光-物质耦合至关重要，因为自发辐射率特别是在光子晶体中被修改。我们特别感兴趣的是光发射特性，激光和脉冲传播效应，以及量子光学效应，如激子的辐射寿命和激子和光场统计。