Cardiovascular risk factors and absence from work induced by job stress

这项研究的目的是阐明工作压力与心血管危险因素之间的关系，即在日本一家约有7000名员工的金属制品厂缺勤。(1)1996-2002年工作压力变化对心血管危险因素的影响：男性工作需求和工作控制的变化与腰臀比呈正相关，女性工作角色不清和工作紧张与腰臀比呈正相关。但无工作压力的变化对高血压、糖耐量减低、高脂血症的发生率以及血浆纤维蛋白原和体重指数的变化有明显影响。(2)工作压力对旷工的影响：带薪假期旷工或12个月内旷工时间不超过5天的男性员工的工作要求和工作控制力高于其他没有请假的男性员工。在为期5年的跟踪研究中，高工作控制力和高工作场所支持减少了总缺勤天数，而工作压力的负面变化，如高工作压力和恶化的人际关系，增加了缺勤天数。在日本，也需要将工作压力作为心理社会工作特征来管理，以预防心血管疾病的发展，促进健康的工作场所。

The object of this study is to elucidate associations between job stress and cardiovascular risk factors & absence from work in a metal products factory of about 7000 employees in Japan. Job stress was measured by using the Japanese version of the Karasek's job demands-control model (JCQ) and some articles from the Generic Job Stress Questionnaire of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (GJSQ).(1) The effect of change in job stress on cardiovascular risk factors from 1996 to 2002:Changes in job demands and job control were associated positively with waist/hip ratio in males, and unclear job roles and job strain were also positively associated with waist/hip ratio in females. But changes in no job stress showed a clear influence on the incidences of hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and hyperlipidemia or changes in plasma fibrinogen and body mass index.(2) The influence of job stress on absence from work:Job demands and job control in the male employees who absented themselves from work on paid holidays or without notice for a total of 5 days or less in 12 months were higher than those in other male employees who took no such leaves of absence from work. In the 5-year-followup study, high job control and high worksite support decreased the total of the absent days, and the negative changes of job stress such as high job strain and aggravated human relationship increased it.Managing job stress as psychosocial work characteristics is also required in Japan to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease and to promote a healthy workplace.