Basic and clinical investigations on fetal blood pressure monitoring in labor by the difference in electrocardiogram and pulse oxymetry.

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In animal experiments using chronically instrumented fetal goat, we decreased fetal blood pressure by about 10 mmHg by administrating hypotensive agents or by withdrawing some amount of fetal blood. We measured intravascular blood pressure (actual-BP), heart rate, pulse oxymeter waveforms of the fetuses continuously. The time difference in electrocardiogram (the peak R-wave) and pulse oxymetry (the maximum increase in slope) was used to estimate the blood pressure (estmate-BP) with a predetermined equation "HASTE" A significant correlation (p<0.01) with good bias values (<8mmHg) and precision values (<5 mmHg) was obtained between the actual-BP and estimate-BP in all animals. This technique has the potential to provide information on fetal blood pressure on a beat-by-beat basis, which will aid in the interpretation of fetal heart rate monitoring in labor and delivery.