Comparing the Development of Nursing Malpractice Prevention Programs in Japan and the United Stated of America

本研究的目的是阐明日本和美国在护理人员医疗事故预防计划方面的相似点和不同点。其中一个不同点是风险管理者的角色。日本的风险管理师的职责几乎完全集中在预防医疗事故上，而美国的风险管理师的职责则更为广泛，包括风险识别和分析、损失控制、索赔管理和风险融资等领域。日本的大多数医疗机构联合收割机将护理经理和风险管理师的职责合二为一。护理风险管理员训练课程指导管理人员辨识风险领域、分析未遂事故、定期检讨关注点，降低了药物医疗事故的发生率，并将预防医疗事故作为护理管理部门的目标之一。事实证明，有必要每天向护理人员通报为实现这一目标而采取的各种措施。用于观察、监测和治疗患者的技术复杂的医疗设备的数量正在增加。由于护士必须为病人提供高水准的护理服务，护士的职责现已包括管理这些仪器。目前，针对护士的刑事医疗失当诉讼的数目不断增加，这显示我们更有需要向医护人员和病人重新澄清将来病人护理的责任、职责和标准。

The purpose of this research was to clarify the points of similarity and difference in the nursing staff malpractice prevention programs in Japan and the USA.Both countries are taking similar measures against the problem of nursing malpractice. One of the differences points is the role of the risk manager. The Japanese risk manager's role is almost wholly concentrated on the prevention of medical malpractice while the American risk manager has a much broader role in the areas of risk identification and analysis, loss control, claims management and risk financing.Most medical institutions in Japan combine the roles of nursing manager and risk manager in one appointment. Indications are that this has reduced the incidents level of malpractice concerning drugs after the nursing risk manager training program guides the manager to identify areas of risk, to analyze near miss accidents and to regularly review the points of concern.Additionally it has proven effective to establish the prevention of medical malpractice as one of the goals of the nursing administration department. It has proven necessary for nursing staff to be notified daily of the various measures being undertaken for the realization of this goal.The number of technically complex medical devises used as aid in observation, monitoring, and the treatment of patients is increasing. Since it is necessary for nurses to provide high standards of patient care, nurses' duties now include the administration of these devices.The number of criminal malpractice suits against nurses is presently increasing indicating a greater need to re-clarify to both medical staff and patients the liabilities, duties, and standards of patient care for the future.