Decision-making on surgical procedures in breast cancer patient

这项研究的目的是确定乳腺癌患者决定接受手术的过程以及影响他们决定的因素。对18例乳腺癌患者进行了观察和访谈，并采用定性和归纳的方法对获得的描述性数据进行了分析。外科手术的决策过程分为以下五个阶段。<<心理冲击>>,<<面对事实>>,<<意图识别>>,<<个人与环境状况>>和<<决策行动>>。当医生告知患者诊断和手术指征时，患者决定是否进行乳房切除术或保乳手术的过程，并伴有<<心理休克>> >的体验。然后，患者经历了<<面对事实>>和<<识别意图>>阶段，在此期间，他们试图通过更接受的事实来明确自己的意图，他们患有需要手术的癌症，并考虑他们能做些什么来生存。<<面对事实>>阶段由<缓解震惊>,<收集信息>,<寻求他人支持>,<重新考虑如何生活>,<应对癌症>等子类别组成。患者根据自身的<个人价值观>和乳腺癌的手术选择>来确定其强度>>,<个人价值观>包括完全治愈的可能性、可能的形态和功能丧失、家人的期望、放疗的可获得性和住院时间。乳腺癌的手术选择>参照肿瘤大小和位置的医学标准。<<面对事实>>和<<识别意图>>是在乳腺癌患者决定手术的过程中确定的，这些行为取决于他们如何经历<<面对事实>>和<<识别意图>。为了促进乳腺癌患者对手术的决策，护理支持应以这样一种方式提供，即识别患者对决策的意图和对患者应对能力的反应。少

The purpose of this study was to identify the process through which patients with breast cancer would decide the surgical procedure to undergo and the factors that influenced their decisions. Eighteen patients with breast cancer were observed and interviewed, and the descriptive data obtained was analyzed using qualitative and inductive approaches.The decision marking process for surgical procedures was categorized into the following five stages. <<phychological shock>>, <<confronting the facts>>, <<identification of intention>>, <<individual and environmental status>> and <<decision-making actions>>. The process through which the patients decide whether to undergo mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery stated with an experience of <<psychological shock>> when the doctor informed them of the diagnosis and surgical indications. The patients then went through <<confronting the facts>> and <<identification of intention>> stages during which they tried to make their intentions clear by ac … More cepting fact that they had cancer that required surgery and considering what they could do to survive. The stage of <<confronting the facts>> consisted of subcategories of <relieving the shock>, <collecting information>, <seeking support from others>, <reconsidering how to live life> and <coping with the presence of cancer>. The patients <<identified their intension>> according to their <individual sense of values> and the <surgical options for breast cancer>, <Individual sense of values> included the probability of complete cure, possible morphological and functional loss, expectations of family members, availability of radiotherapy and length of hospital stay. <surgical options for breast cancer> referred to medical criteria of the size and location of the tumor. <<Confronting the facts>> and <<identification of intention>> were identified in the process through which the patients with breast cancer would decide the surgical procedure, and these actions depended on how they went through <<confronting the facts>> and the <<identification of intension>.In order to facilitate decision-making of breast cancer patients on surgical procedures, nursing support should be provided in such a way as to identify the patients' intentions regarding decision-making and the respond to the ability of the patients to cope. Less