Studies of physiological responses of thermoregulation, skin blood flow, osmolality, and catecholamine during exercise in wheelchair athletes in a hot environment

本研究旨在探讨脊髓损伤轮椅运动员在高温环境下运动时体温调节及其他生理反应的特点。在中等运动强度和实际训练（现场）期间，在气候室中进行评价。研究对象为5名轮椅马拉松运动员（MG）、5名轮椅篮球运动员（BG）和5名健康男性大学生（SG）。测量在7月下旬至10月中旬进行。在气候室中，受试者在室温35℃和相对湿度60%的条件下休息60分钟后，在60%VO2max的条件下在手臂摇动测功计上运动60分钟。在野外，MG组受试者以35 km/h的平均速度驾驶轮椅进行2 km的室外训练90 min，BG组受试者在体育馆进行90 min的常规训练，SG组受试者进行90 min的跑步训练。田间湿球地球仪温度为29.40-34.91℃。受试者在运动期间可以自由饮用运动饮料。结果表明，在室内、室外和人工气候室条件下，轮椅运动员运动时体温调节的敏感性均低于普通大学生，而在室内、室外条件下，轮椅运动员运动时体温调节的敏感性均低于普通大学生，运动时体温调节的敏感性高于普通大学生，运动时体温调节的敏感性高于普通大学生。可能是因为脊髓损伤对热环境中运动时的体温调节有相当大的影响。当轮椅运动员在炎热的环境中运动时，建议采取特别的预防措施，如摄入足够的液体和避免炎热的时间，以避免中暑。

This study was carried out to clarify characteristics of responses of thermoregulation and other physiological responses in wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injury during exercise in a hot environment. Evaluations were made in a climatic chamber at a moderate exercise intensity and during actual training (field). The subjects were 5 wheelchair marathon racers (MG), 5 wheelchair basketball players (BG), and 5 healthy male college students (SG). The measurements were performed between late July and mid-October. In the climatic chamber, the subjects exercised on an arm cranking ergometer at 60% VO2max for 60 minutes after a 60-minute rest at a room temperature of 35℃ and a relative humidity of 60%. In the field, the subjects of Group MG drove the wheelchair at a mean speed of 35 km/h for 90 minutes in a 2-km outdoor course, those of Group BG performed routine practice for 90 minutes in the gymnasium, and those of Group SG performed 90-minute running. The WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature) in the field was 29.40-34.91℃. The subjects was allowed free access to a sports beverrage during the exercise. The items measured were heart rate, mean skin temperature, sweat loss, skin blood flow, tympanic temperature, blood lactate, osmolality and adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine.The sensitivity of thermoregulation during exercise was lower in the wheelchair athletes than in normal college students in the climatic chamber and outdoor and indoor exercise situations, probably because spinal cord injury has a considerable effect on thermoregulation during exercise in a hot environment. When wheelchair athletes exercise in a hot environment, special precautions such as a sufficient fulid intake and avoiding hot hours are recommended to avoid heatstroke.