Studies of physiological responses of thermoregulation, skin blood flow, osmolality, and catecholamine during exercise in wheelchair athletes in a hot environment

本研究旨在探讨轮椅运动员在高温环境下运动时脊髓损伤时体温调节反应及其他生理反应的特点。评估是在中等运动强度的气候室中进行的，并在实际训练期间(野外)进行。研究对象为5名轮椅马拉松运动员(MG)、5名轮椅篮球运动员(BG)和5名健康男大学生(SG)。这些测量是在7月下旬到10月中旬之间进行的。在气候室中，受试者在室温35℃，相对湿度60%的条件下休息60分钟后，在60%最大摄氧量下进行60分钟的摇臂功率计运动。在野外，MG组在2公里的户外赛道中以平均35公里/小时的速度驾驶轮椅90min，BG组在健身房进行90min的常规训练，SG组进行90min的跑步。田间湿球温度(WBGT)为29.40~34.91℃。在锻炼期间，受试者可以免费饮用运动饮料。测试项目为心率、平均皮温、出汗、皮肤血流量、鼓室温度、血乳酸、渗透压和肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺。在气候室和室内外运动条件下，轮椅运动员的体温调节敏感性低于普通大学生，可能是因为脊髓损伤对高温环境下运动时的体温调节有相当大的影响。当轮椅运动员在炎热的环境中锻炼时，建议采取充足的充分摄入量和避免炎热的时间等特殊预防措施，以避免中暑。

This study was carried out to clarify characteristics of responses of thermoregulation and other physiological responses in wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injury during exercise in a hot environment. Evaluations were made in a climatic chamber at a moderate exercise intensity and during actual training (field). The subjects were 5 wheelchair marathon racers (MG), 5 wheelchair basketball players (BG), and 5 healthy male college students (SG). The measurements were performed between late July and mid-October. In the climatic chamber, the subjects exercised on an arm cranking ergometer at 60% VO2max for 60 minutes after a 60-minute rest at a room temperature of 35℃ and a relative humidity of 60%. In the field, the subjects of Group MG drove the wheelchair at a mean speed of 35 km/h for 90 minutes in a 2-km outdoor course, those of Group BG performed routine practice for 90 minutes in the gymnasium, and those of Group SG performed 90-minute running. The WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature) in the field was 29.40-34.91℃. The subjects was allowed free access to a sports beverrage during the exercise. The items measured were heart rate, mean skin temperature, sweat loss, skin blood flow, tympanic temperature, blood lactate, osmolality and adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine.The sensitivity of thermoregulation during exercise was lower in the wheelchair athletes than in normal college students in the climatic chamber and outdoor and indoor exercise situations, probably because spinal cord injury has a considerable effect on thermoregulation during exercise in a hot environment. When wheelchair athletes exercise in a hot environment, special precautions such as a sufficient fulid intake and avoiding hot hours are recommended to avoid heatstroke.